enhanced titanium structures via spark plasma sintering and shear extrusion

Aims: this study aimed to investigate the effects of simple shear extrusion following spark plasma sintering on the microstructural and mechanical properties of commercially pure titanium for advanced biomedical applications.materials & methods: in this experimental study, commercially pure titanium samples were first fabricated using spark plasma sintering at 900°c and were subsequently subjected to simple shear extrusion at room temperature. microstructural analyses were performed using williamson-hall xrd calculations to evaluate grain size. mechanical properties, including hardness and tensile strength, were assessed to determine the influence of the simple shear extrusion process.findings: the grain size decreased significantly from 60.2 nm in the spark plasma sintering-processed sample (first sample) to 27.9 nm in the simple shear extrusion-processed sample (second sample). hardness increased from 373.2 hv in the first sample to 411 hv in the second sample, compared to the base titanium hardness of 315 hv. these findings demonstrate the simple shear extrusion process’s ability to refine the microstructure and enhance mechanical properties.conclusion: the fusion of spark plasma sintering and simple shear extrusion not only enhances the mechanical integrity and biocompatibility of titanium components but also establishes a solid foundation for developing next-generation medical implants.