association between microalbuminuria and vitamin d levels in elderly individuals with tuberculosis, diabetes mellitus, and hiv comorbidities

Aims: this study aimed to explore the association between immune status and the occurrence of nephropathy in patients with tuberculosis and comorbidities.instrument & methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted in health centers in jambi city, indonesia, from april to august 2024. sixty tuberculosis patients were selected based on the reports from several selected health centers that recorded the highest number of tuberculosis patients in the region. an anova test was used to assess differences in the mean values across the three groups for each laboratory test. the fisher exact test was applied to examine differences in proportions based on the occurrence of nephropathy and immune status. findings: mild microalbuminuria was also noted in the tuberculosis (49.0±15.1mg/g) and tb-hiv (35.0±9.2mg/g) groups, but most patients in tb (16.4±6.8mg/g), and tb-hiv (23.5±3.9mg/g) groups had normal uacr values (p=0.00016). a significant proportion of the tb-hiv group exhibited vitamin d deficiency (13.3±4.0ng/ml), reflecting the compromised immunity associated with this viral infection. similarly, a high deficiency prevalence was observed in the tb-dm group (12.8±3.9ng/ml). vitamin d insufficiency (23.9±2.9ng/ml) rather than deficiency (15.9±2.4ng/ml) was observed in the tb group (p=0.05427).conclusion: microalbuminuria, as a marker of nephropathy, is prevalent in tb-dm and tb-hiv patients, suggesting compromised immune status in these groups.