using vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 as a biomarker for detecting progression of different types of malignant tumors

Aims: vascular cell adhesion molecule1 is a transmembrane glycoprotein closely related to tumorigenicity as well as tumor metastasis. it is also a wellknown candidate for detecting tumors as a very common consequence of warrelated symptoms. this study was designed to investigate the probability of using a cancer biomarker (vcam1) as an indicator for the progression of breast, lung, and bladder cancers.materials methods: this experimental study was conducted on 15 to 89 yearsold patients who attended the middle euphrates cancer center and the breast disease clinic in alsadder medical city teaching hospital in alnajaf province, iraq, for a checkup from september 2020 to january 2021. eightyeight samples were selected by random sampling method; 22 patients for each breast, lung, and bladder cancer group and 22 healthy subjects as control. an enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to evaluate the concentration of vcam1. data were analyzed by oneway anova and tukey #39;s multiple comparison tests.findings: the means ±se of vcam1 levels in control, breast, lung, and bladder cancer groups were 42.29 ±3.928ng/ml, 58.12 ±2.357ng/ml, 66.81 ±4.307ng/ml, and 82.85 ±7.292ng/ml, respectively. serum vcam1 levels increased significantly in all groups compared to the control group (p<0.05) except in breast cancer (p>0.05). there was a significant difference only between breast and bladder cancer groups (p<0.05).conclusion: the highest level of vcam1 is in the bladder cancer group; therefore, serum vcam1 can be used as an indicator for bladder cancer.