tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 gene polymorphisms in iranian patients with ischemic heart failure

Background: proinflammatory cytokines have been known to be elevated in patients with chronic heart failure (chf). given the importance of proinflammatory cytokines in the context of the failing heart, the prevalence of tumor necrosis factor-α (tnf-α), interleukin (il)-6 polymorphisms in patients with chf was studied due to ischemic heart disease. methods: forty three patients with ischemic heart failure were enrolled in this study and compared with 140 healthy individuals. the allele and genotype frequency of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) within the il-6 (-174, nt565) and tnf-α (-308, -238) genes were determined, using polymerase chain reaction with sequence- specific primers (pcr-ssp) assay. results: the frequency of the tnf-α (-238) a/a genotype was significantly higher in patients comparing to controls (p=0.043), while tnf-α g/a genotype at the same position decreased significantly, in comparison with controls (p=0.018). the most frequent haplotype for tnf-α was a/a in the patient group in comparison with controls (p=0.003). there was no significant difference in allele and genotype frequencies of il-6 at positions -174 and nt565, and tnf-α at position -308. conclusion: certain alleles, genotypes, and haplotypes in tnf-α, but not il-6, gene were overrepresented in patients with ischemic heart failure, which may, in turn, predispose individuals to this disease.