using different methods of nanofabrication as a new way to activate supplementary cementitious materials; a review

Reducing the consumption of cement with simultaneous utilizing waste materials as cement replacement is preferred for reasons of environmental protection. blended cements consist of different supplementary cementitious materials (scms), such as fly ash, silica fume, ground granulated blast furnace slag (ggbfs), natural pozzolans, etc. these materials should be chemically activated to show effective cementitious properties. the present review article reports three different methods of nanofabrication, using ultrasound irradiation, solvothermal/hydrothermal process and microwave irradiation, that were used for activation of two types of scms. based on the obtained results, these methods are suggested as effective methods for nanomodification of supplementary cementing materials.