چرخۀ درگیری و منازعۀ فردی: تحلیل جامعه‌شناختی از وقوع نزاع در سنندج

تحقیق حاضر در نظر دارد تا به میانجی پارادایم برساختی-تفسیری، به کشف زمینه‌ها و دلالت‌های معنایی منازعه‌کنندگان در شهر سنندج بپردازد و از این طریق فرایند شکل‌گیری نزاع‌های فردی در این شهر را مورد واکاوی قرار دهد. در این تحقیق از روش نظریۀ زمینه‌ای اشتراوس و کوربین بهره گرفته شُد و داده‌ها با استفاده از تکنیک مصاحبۀ عمیق گردآوری شدند. مشارکت‌کنندگان این تحقیق، منازعه‌کنندگان شهر سنندج بودند که با روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند با استراتژی نمونه‌گیری نظری با 15 نفر از آن‌ها مصاحبه شد. نهایتاً داده‌ها در قالب 18 مقولۀ محوری و یک مقولۀ هسته، کدگذاری و تحلیل گردید. نتایج نشان داد که منازعه‌کنندگان در بستر و شرایط و زمینه‌هایی مانند هتک حرمت و کاهش آستانۀ تحمل (به‌مثابۀ شرایط علّی)، مشکلات ترافیکی، تقلید خشونت، تاخیر-نظاره‌گری گشت‌های پلیس و تنش‌های خانوادگی (به‌منزلۀ شرایط مداخله‌گر) و هنجارهای خشونت، اقتصاد نابسامان، فرهنگ ناموس‌پرستی-شجاعت‌محوری و دادرسی ناکارآمد (به‌مثابۀ شرایط زمینه‌ای) اقدام به نزاع و درگیری با/بدون استفاده از سلاح سرد نموده‌اند که این امر پیامدهایی مانند شناخت دستگاه قضایی-امنیتی ناکارآمد، ندامت در وادی دوگانگی، مجازات قانونی، کاهش احساس امنیت، جراحت و مجازات اجتماعی برای آن‌ها دربرداشته است. چنین نتایجی بیانگر آن است که نزاع و درگیری فردی صرفاً امری فردی و درعین‌حال امنیتی نیست، اما موضوعی فردی، اجتماعی، فرهنگی و نهادی به شمار می‌رود.

the cycle of conflict and individual conflict: a sociological analysis of conflict occurrence in sanandaj

the present study intends to explore and investigate the contexts and semantic implications of individual conflict and fighting in sanandaj through a structural-interpretive approach and thus analyze the process of formation of individual conflict in this city. in this study, the grounded theory method of strauss and corbin was used and the data were collected using the in-depth interview technique. the participants of this study were street brawlers in sanandaj city, 15 of whom were interviewed with the help of theoretical and purposeful sampling method. finally, the collected information was coded and analyzed in the form of 18 central categories and one core category. the results of the study indicate that the conflict participants have engaged in individual conflicts with or without the use of cold weapons in contexts and conditions such as defamation and lowering the tolerance threshold (as causal conditions), traffic problems, mimicking violence and family tensions (as intervening conditions), and norms of violence, a anomic economy, police patrols being delayed and monitored, a culture of honor-based courage, and ineffective litigation (as background conditions), which has consequences such as recognizing an ineffective judicial-security system, regret in the valley of duality, legal punishment, reduced sense of security, injury, and social punishment for them. such results indicate that individual conflicts are not merely an individual matter, but also an individual, social, cultural, and institutional matter, but not a security matter.extended abstract1. introductiontoday, in the iranian society, individual conflict and struggle are known as one of the major social pathologies. official statistics indicate an increasing prevalence of individual quarrels in the country that have been recorded in recent years. kurdistan province is one of the provinces which in recent years the statistics of conflict and its struggle have been very high. kurdistan is one of the provinces which in recent years the statistics of individual conflict and struggle have been very high. among the townships of kurdistan province, the statistics of the individual conflict and struggle in the city of sanandaj is more than other cities, so that in the first six months of the year, the statistics of conflict and conflict in the city increased nearly 60 percent. the main question of this research is what is the motivation and purpose of this group of citizens after individual conflict and struggle? and how do they understand, meaning and represent? what are the actions and conditions (social, economic, cultural, political and so on)? the interaction between them with the conditions and the conditions mentioned in the form or form has been found. how are the consequences of this action in different fields?the present study intends to explore and investigate the contexts and semantic implications of individual conflict and struggle in sanandaj through a structural-interpretive approach and thus analyze the process of formation of individual conflict in this city. in the present study, the concepts of action interpretation, social anomy, social learning, natural aggression, scarce resources, social control, differences in companionship and construction of security are used as a conceptual framework. the review of empirical research indicates that individual conflict and struggle with quantitative approach has been studied and explained and the qualitative approach of this issue is very low. in the present study, it is attempted to study the formation of individual conflict and struggle in the city of sanandaj by using qualitative approach and research method.2. methodin this study, the grounded theory method of strauss and corbin was used and the data were collected using the in-depth interview technique. the participants of this study were street brawlers in sanandaj city, 15 of whom were interviewed with the help of theoretical and purposeful sampling method. in this research, with reference to prison, training and rehabilitation centers, detention centers and police stations in the city of sanandaj, people who had experienced street fighting this year were identified and interviewed by a person or by telephone. in this research to achieve the reliability criteria of raw data in the research process several times were reviewed and evaluated and the results were compared and evaluated by raw data (analytical comparison). also coding, conceptualization and extraction stages were performed by guidance and supervised teachers who were specialized in the field of qualitative research (audit technique). (strauss and corbin, 2012: 180   mohammadpour, 2013: 225 & mohammadi, 2021). 3. findingsfinally, the collected information was coded and analyzed in the form of 18 central categories and one core category. the results of the study indicate that the conflict participants have engaged in individual conflict and struggle with or without the use of cold weapons in contexts and conditions such as defamation and lowering the tolerance threshold (as causal conditions), traffic problems, mimicking violence and family tensions (as intervening conditions), and norms of violence, a anomic economy, police patrols being delayed and monitored, a culture of honor-based courage, and ineffective litigation (as background conditions), which has consequences such as recognizing an ineffective judicial-security system, regret in the valley of duality, legal punishment, reduced sense of security, injury, and social punishment for them. data analysis using descriptive - story technique in the field of the phenomenon of individual conflict and conflict in sanandaj indicates that the core category, which other categories are related to it, is multidimensional anomic conflict. this indicates that in forming of interpersonal individual conflict and struggle in the city of sanandaj, various social institutions and organiziations have a role; institutions and phenomena which have become volatile and are the context of the formation of individual conflict and struggle and its consequences. among the institutions and organizations which are anomie and disorganization, can be mentioned to culture, law enforcement agency, and institution of economic, family institution, friends group and organizations like municipality.4. conclusionsuch results indicate that individual conflict and struggle are not merely an individual matter, but also an individual, social, cultural, and institutional matter, but not a security matter. it is individual because of anomic moral and inability to control behavior affect on as causal conditions in its shaping.  it is social, because the group of friends can act as context. it is institutional, since family tensions, unorganized economy, inefficient hearing and delay - watch in shaping it have role as background and intervention conditions, and this indicates the weakness of family, economy, and part of law enforcement and judicial institutions. the result of this research is that despite all the negative consequences, there is no security and as an existential threat to the survival of a society or political unit is not introduced. in addition to the discovery and extraction of a local - local theory, the cycle of individual conflict and struggle, theoretically, since it shows that the inefficiency of the judiciary system and the delay and the watching of police force is one of the conditions of conflict and struggle in kurdistan province is adoption with mertons theory of anomie, since this theory based on that failure of social pressure in conformity with its cultural values lead to deviations. on the other hand, the results of the study, which represent the role of friends group in the form of individual conflict and struggle in kurdistan province, are in conformity with social learning theory since they are based on social learning theory, abnormal behaviors, such as tendency to individual collective and quarrels, are born in social learning. since the results of the study indicate that the inefficient and delayed trial - the supervision of police pat the results of the study indicate that the inefficient and delayed trial - the supervision of police patrols in the form of individual conflict and struggle in kurdistan province is in conformity with the copenhagen school theory.