نقش باورهای دینی در تحقق اعتماد سیاسی در پرتو فقه و نظام حقوقی جمهوری اسلامی ایران

باورها و اعتقادات به عنوان نقطه ثقل و مرکزی دینداری در اسلام تنها به حوزه فردی و عبادات معطوف نمی شوند، بلکه اصول و قواعد فقهی به عنوان سازمان دهنده زندگی سیاسی و اجتماعی شهروندان در جامعه اسلامی، قائل به ارائه راهکارهایی برای ایجاد پیوند میان مردم و کارگزاران از جمله در عرصه اعتماد سیاسی هستند. بر همین اساس در پژوهش حاضر نقش باورهای دینی در محقق شدن اعتماد سیاسی از منظر فقه و نظام حقوقی جمهوری اسلامی ایران بررسی می شود. این پرسش مطرح است که نقش و آثار باورهای دینی در تحقق اعتماد سیاسی از منظر فقه و نظام حقوقی ج.ا. ایران چیست؟ نتایج نشان داد که باورهایی نظیر پذیرش و عمل به حاکمیت شریعت، ولایت مداری و ولایت پذیری، داشتن تقوای سیاسی و در پیش گرفتن سیاست معنویت گرا و عدم پذیرش جدایی دین از سیاست نقش مهمی در تحقق اعتماد سیاسی در جامعه اسلامی دارند. زیرا باورهای یاد شده نقش مهمی در گزینش و تعیین کارگزاران جامعه اسلامی داشته و همواره به عنوان ملاکی برای عموم مردم در نظر گرفته می شوند. در این رویکرد، کارگزاران باید تقوا و دینداری را به عنوان ابزارهای درونی نظارت بر خود ترویج نمایند که در اصل چهارم قانون اساسی، منطبق بودن کلیه قوانین کشور بر پایه موازین اسلامی لحاظ شده و قابل اطلاق به کارگزاران نیز می باشد. در مقاله حاضر از روش توصیفی و تحلیلی و ابزار کتابخانه ای استفاده شده است. چارچوب نظری مقاله رویکرد کارگزار ایمانی و اسلامی است.

the role of religious beliefs in realizing political trust in light of jurisprudence and the legal system of the islamic republic of iran

beliefs and convictions, as the central and pivotal point of religiosity in islam, are not limited to the individual and acts of worship. rather, jurisprudential principles and rules, as the organizers of political and social life of citizens in an islamic society, are tasked with offering solutions to foster a connection between the people and the rulers, including in the domain of political trust. based on this, the present study examines the role of religious beliefs in achieving political trust from the perspective of islamic jurisprudence and the legal system of the islamic republic of iran. the key question is: what is the role and impact of religious beliefs in realizing political trust from the perspective of islamic jurisprudence and the legal system of the islamic republic of iran? the results show that beliefs such as acceptance and adherence to the sovereignty of sharia, allegiance to and acceptance of guardianship (wilayat), political piety, adopting a spiritually-oriented policy, and rejecting the separation of religion from politics play a significant role in achieving political trust in the islamic society. these beliefs are crucial in the selection and determination of rulers in the islamic society and are always considered a standard for the general public. in this approach, rulers must promote piety and religiosity as internal tools for self-monitoring. in article 4 of the constitution, the alignment of all laws in the country with islamic principles is considered and is also applicable to rulers. the present article employs a descriptive-analytical method with library research tools. the theoretical framework of the article follows an approach centered on the islamic and faithful ruler.introduction throughout history, faith and religious beliefs have always played an important role in the growth and advancement of that society or its decline and degeneration. in other words, as long as the religious beliefs of the people in a society are based on basic principles and no deviations are created in it, the society will follow the path of growth and prosperity, and if the path of governing the society is organized contrary to the religious beliefs of the people, it will have irreparable consequences for that society. one of the important factors in society that is affected by religious beliefs, including from agents and elites, is political trust in society. political trust, one aspect of which means accepting leaders and agents of society, can be affected by factors that lead to despair and frustration or support and patronage of agents by the people. an important concern in the field of religious beliefs is that the agents of society, in line with the people of that society, observe the values ​​and religious beliefs of the people and apply them in the field of managing the society. otherwise, the distance of distrust between the people and the political system will not only lead to a gap between the state and the nation, but will also distance the society from a desirable model and prevent it from achieving its goals. since in islam, religious principles and rules play a significant role in the political and social arena, legislation, and the administration of society in general, addressing this relationship is of particular importance. this means that basing religious beliefs on the governance and management of society, its relationship with citizens' political trust in the government and politics should be examined and evaluated. in relation to the role and effect of religious beliefs on political trust, both structural factors and agency factors, i.e. the words and actions of the elites and political managers of society, are very important. this means that in a religious society such as iran, where the constitution is based on the principles of sharia and the divine political system, the alignment and actions of agents with the beliefs of the general public, who are mostly followers of islam, will play an important role in political trust. therefore, gaining the trust of citizens, encouraging them to participate in the political and social arena, cooperating and collaborating with the political system, and helping to realize the goals and ideals of the islamic system requires two-way interaction that can advance the field of politics with a kind of synergy. an important part of the vacuum caused by lack of legitimacy, reduced political participation, citizens' reluctance and indifference to the political system, and even the poor performance of the political system in realizing goals and programs is also caused by political distrust. accordingly, the present study examines the role of religious beliefs in achieving political trust from the perspective of jurisprudence and the legal system of the islamic republic of iran. the question is what is the role and effects of religious beliefs in achieving political trust from the perspective of jurisprudence and the legal system of the islamic republic of iran?materials and methods the present article uses a descriptive and analytical method and library tools. the theoretical framework of the article is the faith and islamic agent approach.discussion and findings that beliefs such as accepting and practicing the rule of sharia, guardianship and acceptance of guardianship, having political piety and pursuing spiritual-oriented politics, and not accepting the separation of religion from politics play an important role in realizing political trust in islamic society. belief in the rule of sharia means that the elites and agents of the islamic system act within the framework of a fundamental religious belief and, although they make the principles stipulated in the constitution and other laws the criteria for action, in principle they have shown their adherence to the principles of sharia and are the executors of islamic laws. in this case, political trust in islamic society will be focused on attracting and accepting agents who act in practice based on the rules of sharia and are managers of the islamic revolution. a manager and agent who adheres to sharia is far from lies, deceit, discrimination, injustice, and nepotism, and the only criterion for action for him is the implementation of sharia laws without individual, political, and factional considerations. guardianship and acceptance of guardianship also create a criterion to distinguish the islamic system from other so-called democratic systems worldwide. because agents who act without considering the guardianship characteristic, such as what imam khomeini (ra) or the principles of the constitution have stated, tend to tyranny. therefore, the guardianship characteristic as a belief in islam and the shiite religion has special importance both in the political arena and in the field of belief of agents. in this case, accepting the supreme leader is considered as a key figure in affairs and prevents marginal issues from being exacerbated. guardianship agents are far from extremes and by accepting an effective religious institution in resolving disputes or following the roadmap of the islamic system, they pave the way for people to trust the islamic system as much as possible. just as disobeying this religious belief in the 45-year history of the islamic republic has caused the downfall of many agents in the eyes of the people and has distanced them from the political arena.conclusion the results showed that beliefs such as accepting and practicing the rule of sharia, guardianship and guardianship, having political piety and pursuing spiritual-oriented politics, and not accepting the separation of religion from politics play an important role in achieving political trust in the islamic society. because the aforementioned beliefs play an important role in selecting and determining the agents of the islamic society and are always considered as a criterion for the general public. in this approach, agents should promote piety and religiosity as internal tools for monitoring themselves, which is included in the fourth principle of the constitution, the conformity of all laws of the country based on islamic standards, and is also applicable to agents.