تاثیر کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست، محلول‌پاشی برگی چای‌کمپوست و اسید هیومیک بر شاخص‌های رشد گلرنگ (carthamus tinctorius l.)

تجزیه و تحلیل رشد، روش کاربردی و با ارزش در بررسی کمی رشد، نمو و تولید گیاهان زراعی به‌شمار می‌رود. به‌منظور بررسی تاثیر کاربرد کود ورمی‌کمپوست و محلول‌پاشی برگی چای‌کمپوست و اسید هیومیک بر شاخص‌های رشد گلرنگ ((carthamus tinctorius l.، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه ولی‌عصر (عج) رفسنجان انجام شد. تیمارها شامل کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست (صفر، 4، 8 و 12 تن در هکتار) به عنوان فاکتور اول و محلول‌پاشی (آب مقطر به عنوان شاهد، اسید هیومیک حاصل از ورمی‌کمپوست، اسید هیومیک تجاری و چای‌کمپوست) به عنوان فاکتور دوم بود. نتایج نشان داد که حداکثر شاخص سطح برگ، ماده خشک کل، سرعت رشد نسبی و عملکرد دانه تحت تاثیر اثرات اصلی ورمی‌کمپوست و محلول‌پاشی و حداکثر سرعت رشدمحصول و سرعت جذب خالص تحت تاثیر اثرات اصلی ورمی‌کمپوست، محلول‌پاشی و اثر متقابل ورمی‌کمپوست در محلول‌پاشی قرار گرفتند. بیش‌ترین میزان سرعت رشد محصول (05/35 گرم بر متر‌مربع بر روز) و سرعت جذب خالص (42/13 گرم بر متر‌مربع برگ بر روز) از تیمار 12 تن در هکتار ورمی‌کمپوست و محلول‌پاشی چای‌کمپوست به‌دست آمد. همچنین در بین تیمارهای کودی، کاربرد 12 تن در هکتار ورمی‌کمپوست و در تیمار محلول‌پاشی، محلول‌پاشی چای‌کمپوست باعث افزایش شاخص سطح برگ، ماده خشک کل، سرعت رشد نسبی و عملکرد دانه نسبت به تیمار شاهد شد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که کاربرد کود زیستی ورمی‌کمپوست به میزان 12 تن در هکتار و محلول‌پاشی چای‌کمپوست مناسب‌ترین تیمار برای افزایش شاخص‌های رشد و عملکرد گیاه گلرنگ در راستای نیل به کشاورزی پایدار بود.

Effect of Vermicompost Fertilizer Application and Foliar Spraying of Compost Tea and Acid Humic on Growth Indices of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

IntroductionSafflower (Carthamus tinctorius) is an annual crop with high environmental compatibility and resistant to drought condition. Vermicompost is the ability of some species of earthworms to consume and break down a wide range of organic residues such as sewage sludge, animal wastes, crop residues and industrial refuse. Vermicomposts are usually more stable than their parent materials with increased availability of nutrients and improved physicochemical and microbiological properties. Aerial compost tea contains high populations of live microorganism consisting of rhizobactria, trichoderma and pseudomonas species which increase the growth and yield of the plant. Acid humic is the main humic substance and the important ingredient of soil organic matter (humus) which increase crop yield and quality. The aim of this study is evaluating potential use of vermicompost as a biological fertilizer in safflower production and assessment of foliar application of compost tea and humic acid related to vermicompost utilization in safflower production. Material and MethodsIn order to study the effect of vermicompost and foliar application of compost tea and acid humic on growth indices of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), an experiment was conducted as a factorial based on complete randomized design with three replications in agricultural research farm at ValieAsr University of Rafsanjan. Treatments were included application of vermicompost (0 (control), 4, 8 and 12 t.ha1) and 4 level of foliar application (distilled water as control, acid humic derived from vermicompost, commercial acid humic and compost tea). Samples collected from the center of each treatment plot with observance of margin effect. Samples were taken 30 days after planting which is collected 10 times over the growth stage every 10 days for determine of total dry weight, LAI change trend, CGR, NAR and RGR. Results and DiscussionResults indicated that vermicompost and foliar application treatment significantly affected LAI, CGR, NAR, TDM and RGR. Applying more vermicompost resulted in higher CGR and NAR which is observed under 12 t.ha1 vermicompost and the lowest level of vermicompost (control) resulted in 1145 GDD. The highest and the lowest LAI, CGR and NAR obtained under tea compost foliar application treatment and control, respectively. Under all treatments declining trend observed from 1145 GDD (first flower appearance). The highest total dry matter obtained under the 12 t.ha1 vermicompost at 1847 GDD and the maximum of RGR observed in early growth (277 GDD) in 12 t.ha1 vermicompost with foliar application of tea compost and then declined. It is also resulted that the highest seed yield obtained from 8 t.ha1 vermicompost with no significant difference with 12 t.ha1 vermicompost. Vermicompost have available plant nutrient solution which increase leaf area indices compared with none use vermicompost treatment. Hameeda et al. (2007) reported that using 10 t.ha1 vermicompost increased the leaf area of sorghum more than 34 % compared with control. Arancon et al. (2004) also reported that using 5 and 10 t.ha1 vermicompost significantly increased leaf area, shoot dry matter and RGR in strawberry. Vermicomost due to containing micro and macro element, plant growth stimulate and hormones can improvement of physiological indices like LA, CGR and NAR and finally total dry weight. Vermicompost have different enzyme like protease, lipase, amylase and cellules which decompose the soil organic matter and the plant remains and increase the plant availability of nutritional element.ConclusionResults indicated that using 12 t.ha1 vermicompost and foliar application of compost tea caused increasing of LAI, CGR, TDM, NAR and RGR compared with control. It is also resulted that using 8 and 12 t.ha1 vermicompost significantly increased safflower yield while no significant effect observed from foliar application. Totally, it is concluded that in Rafsanjan climate, using 12 t.ha1 vermicompost is the best treatment for increasing growth indices and seed yield of safflower.