بررسی عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و نسبت برابری زمین در کشت مخلوط جایگزینی رازیانه (foeniculum vulgar mill.) و ماش (vigna radiata l. wilczek)

به‌منظور بررسی تاثیر نسبت های جایگزینی کشت مخلوط گیاه دارویی رازیانه (foeniculum vulgar mill.) با ماش (vigna radiata l. wilczek) بر برخی خصوصیات کمّی و کیفی این دو گیاه، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 94-1393 در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با پنج تیمار و سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل: 25 درصد ماش + 75 درصد رازیانه، 50 درصد ماش + 50 درصد رازیانه، 75 درصد ماش + 25 درصد رازیانه و کشت خالص دو گیاه بود. نتایج نشان داد که اثر نسبت های کشت مخلوط رازیانه با ماش بر تمامی صفات مورد مطالعه معنی دار بود. بالاترین عملکرد دانه، زیست‌توده و اسانس رازیانه برای کشت خالص به‌ترتیب با 1460.4، 12286.4 و 50.4 کیلوگرم در هکتار و کمترین مقادیر برای تیمار 25 درصد رازیانه + 75 درصد ماش به‌ترتیب با 263.2، 5843.3 و 8.1 کیلوگرم در هکتار مشاهده گردید. همچنین، بالاترین عملکرد دانه و زیست‌توده ماش برای کشت خالص به‌ترتیب با 2167.1 و 8900.5 کیلوگرم در هکتار و کمترین مقادیر برای تیمار 25 درصد رازیانه + 75 درصد ماش به‌ترتیب با 740.5 و 2540.5 کیلوگرم در هکتار مشاهده گردید. نتایج نشان داد که تیمارهای کشت مخلوط از نظر نسبت برابری زمین کل، اختلاف معنی داری را با هم نشان ندادند. بیشترین مقدار نسبت برابری زمین کلی (1.07) از الگوی کشت مخلوط 50 درصد ماش + 50 درصد رازیانه و کمترین مقدار (0.91) از الگوی کشت مخلوط 25 درصد ماش + 75 درصد رازیانه به دست آمد. به‌طور کلی، افزایش درصد حضور هر دو گیاه تا 75 درصد باعث افزایش عملکرد بیولوژیکی و دانه شد و افزایش بیش از این میزان، به‌دلیل افزایش رقابت درون گونه ای بر سر جذب منابع محیطی کاهش این صفات را موجب گردید.

evaluation of yield, yield components and land equivalent ratio in replacement intercropping of fennel (foeniculum vulgar mill.) with mung bean (vigna radiata l. wilczek)

introduction intercropping as an approach for development of sustainable agriculture systems is pursuing the purposes such as creating ecological balance, further exploitation of resources, increase the quantity and quality of yield and reduce losses due to pests, diseases and weeds and reduce the dependence of farmers to pesticides, to maintain product quality and marketability. jahani et al (2007) reported that intercropping of lentil and cumin has significantly increased dry weight of vegetative organs, biological yield, 1000-seed weight and number of seeds per cumin umbrella and seed yield. legume/non-legume intercropping system due to the beneficial use of resources produces more yields. in review of about the fennel and fenugreek intercropping, intercropping of the two plants significantly increased the fennel seed yield compared with monoculture.materials and methodsthe experiment was conducted in 2014-2015 growing season based on randomized complete block design with three replications at agricultural research station, faculty of agriculture, ferdowsi university of mashhad. experimental treatments were 25% mung bean + 75% fennel, 50% mung bean + 50% fennel, 75% mung bean + 25% fennel, monoculture of mung bean and monoculture of fennel. species were sown at the same time in 12/06/2015 in rows with a distance of 50 cm. at harvesting time, dry matter, seed yield and yield components of these crops were measured. yield advantages of intercrops over monocultures were compared by land equivalent ratios. seeds of fennel were analyzed for essential oil content.    results and discussionthe highest seed yield, biomass and essential oil of fennel for monoculture with 1460.4, 12286.4 and 50.4 kg per hectare respectively and the lowest values for 25% fennel + 75% mung bean treatment with 263.2, 5843.3 and 8.1 kg per hectare respectively were observed. also, the highest seed yield and biomass of mung bean for monoculture with 2167.1 and 8900.5 kg per hectare respectively and the lowest values for 25% fennel + 75% mung bean treatment with 740.5 and 2540.5 kg per hectare respectively were observed. the highest essential oil contents of fennel with 3.56% was observed in ratio of 50% fennel + 50% mung bean and the lowest value was observed in 25% fennel + 75% mung bean with 3.1%. it seems that interspecific competition between fennel and mung bean due to the abiotic stresses (competition) led to increasing essential oil percent in intercrops. the highest essential oil yield of fennel was observed in monoculture with 50.4 kg/ha and the lowest value was observed in 25% fennel + 75% mung bean with 8.1 kg/ha. the highest mung bean harvest index was 28% in 25% mung bean + 75% fennel and the lowest was observed in 50% mung bean + 50% fennel with 23.5%. also, the highest fennel harvest index was observed with 12% in monoculture and the lowest in 25% fennel + 75% mung bean with 4.5%. the highest value of total land equivalent ratio (1.07) was obtained in ratio of 50% mung bean + 50% fennel indicating 7 percent yield advantage of intercropping compared to pure stands of species of these two products compare to each other that represents of showing the more efficient use of land. the lowest value by intercrops of land equivalent ratio was observed in ratio of 25% mung bean + 75% fennel which was 9% lower than the monoculture.conclusionin general, intercropping of fennel with mung bean, had positive effect on biological and seed yield of two species as well as percent and yield of fennel essential oil. so, in order to reduce the consumption of chemical fertilizers in sustainable agriculture and as for nitrogen biological fixation ability of mung bean, intercropping this plant with fennel can be increased resources efficiency and improve of the quality and quantity yield of fennel.