ارزیابی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام مختلف باقلا (vicia faba l.) در کشت مخلوط با تریتیکاله (tritico secale l.)

به‌منظور بررسی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام مختلف باقلا (vicia faba l.) در کشت مخلوط سری جایگزینی با تریتیکاله (tritico secale l.)، در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه در سال زراعی 97-1396 به‌اجرا درآمد. تیمارها شامل کشت مخلوط تریتیکاله + رقم هیستال باقلا، تریتیکاله + رقم شادان باقلا، تریتیکاله + رقم فیض باقلا، تریتیکاله + رقم مهتا، تریتیکاله + رقم برکت باقلا، تریتیکاله + رقم لوزدی اتونو،کشت خالص تریتیکاله و هر یک از ارقام باقلا بودند. کشت مخلوط اثر معنی‌داری بر صفات مورد مطالعه (صفات تعداد و وزن خشک گره ریشه باقلا، ارتفاع بوته، طول نیام، تعداد نیام در بوته، تعداد دانه در نیام، وزن 100 دانه و عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیک در باقلا و در تریتیکاله صفات ارتفاع بوته، طول سنبله، تعداد سنبله در بوته، تعداد سنبلچه در سنبله، تعداد دانه در سنبله، وزن 1000 دانه، عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیک) دو گیاه باقلا و تریتیکاله داشتند. تراکم بهینه دو گیاه در کشت خالص برای باقلا 20 بوته و برای تریتیکاله 400 بوته در مترمربع در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج در مورد گیاه تریتیکاله نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد دانه (7035.4 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عملکرد بیولوژیک (22874 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به‌ترتیب در کشت مخلوط تریتیکاله + رقم فیض و تریتیکاله+ رقم لوزدی ‌اتونو مشاهده شد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک باقلا به‌ترتیب با میانگین 3554.9 و 8356.5 کیلوگرم در هکتار به رقم شادان در کشت مخلوط با تریتیکاله تعلق داشت. بیشترین تعداد گره و وزن خشک گره ریشه باقلا (به‌ترتیب با 203.4 عدد گره و 1.1 گرم) از رقم شادان در کشت مخلوط با تریتیکاله و کمترین آن به‌ترتیب با 117.3 گره و 0.4 گرم از کشت خالص رقم شادان باقلا به‌دست آمد. نسبت برابری زمین (ler) در تمامی تیمارهای کشت مخلوط بیشتر از یک بود و بالاترین میزان برای تیمارهای کشت مخلوط تریتیکاله با هر یک از ارقام فیض، هیستال و شادان به‌دست آمد که می‌تواند برای کشت مخلوط با تریتیکاله توصیه شود.

Evaluation of Yield and Yield Components of Different Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Varieties in Intercropping with Triticale (Tritico secale)

Introduction;Intercropping, i.e. growing two or more crops together on the same land at the same time. The intercropped legumes/cereal systems reduce interspecific competition by enhancing complementarity/facilitation processes thereby improving the exploitation of environmental resources; on the other hand, it has led to improved crop production, which is due to greater efficiency in the intercropping system. Salehi et al. (2018) in intercropping of triticale with annual legumes reported that the highest plant height, number of spike per m2, spikelet number per spike, grain number per spike, grain and biological yield of triticale were obtained in the sole crops but the lowest economic yield of triticale was achieved from intercropping of triticale with vetch, respectively. The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of growth, yield and yield components for different fababean cultivars affected as in intercropping with triticale in order to achieve the most suitable combination in terms of maximum yield and land use efficiency in Urmia weather conditions.;Materials and Methods;In order to evaluate yield and yield components of different faba bean varieties in intercropping with triticale, a field experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with thirteen treatments and three replications at the Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Iran, during the growing season of 2018. Treatments were included sole cropping of triticale, replacement intercropping of triticale with fivefaba bean varieties (Mahta, Histal, Feyz, Barkat, Luzde otono and Shadan) in ratios 1:1. Triticale was harvested when spike turned brown and different faba bean varieties were harvested when the first pod of the plants fully matured. Field data were collected by cutting 10 plants randomly from each plot and yield component of each plant was considered as the average for each plot. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed using SAS software; version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) and significant differences between treatments were compared with the Duncan test at P≤0.05.;Results and Discussion;The results showed that the highest plant height, spike length, number of spike per m2, spikelet number per spike, grain number per spike, grain and biological yield, and chlorophyll a and b contents of triticale were obtained in the intercropping system. Also, the maximum nodule number, nodule dry weight, plant height, length pods, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, seed and biological yield, and chlorophyll a and b contents of different faba bean varieties were achieved from intercropping and the lowest amounts of mentioned were recorded in the sole cropping of both plants, respectively. The higher seed yields of the intercropping systems compared to the sole cropping were probably due to the better use of environmental resources by balancing interspecific and intraspecific interactions. The average chlorophyll content of both plants in the intercropping system was higher than the sole cropping. Increasing the chlorophyll content in the intercropping system was attributed to the better availability of nutrients, light, and water. However, the partial LER of faba bean was higher than triticale, indicating that the former was the dominant plant in intercropping patterns. In addition, the highest LER total was calculated for intercropping triticale with Feyz faba bean (2.2 units) and the lowest total LER (1.9) was computed to the triticale with Barkat faba bean hat represents an increased advantage in intercropping than sole cropping.;Conclusion;Our study showed that the productivity of different faba bean varieties in intercropping with triticale could be increased by environmental conditions. The maximum seed and biological yield of both plants were obtained at intercropping. The LER was higher than one in all intercropping treatments compared to sole cropping systems. According to the results, it seems that the use of the intercropping system is remarkably effective to increase the economic income and landuse efficiency.