پهنه‌بندی آگرواکولوژیکی نظام‌های تولید گندم (triticum aestivum l.) دشت کشاورزی شاوور خوزستان با به‌کارگیری فناوری rs و gis

استفاده درست و بهینه از اراضی کشاورزی مستلزم ارزیابی دقیق منابع آگرواکولوژیکی بوم‌نظام تولید یک منطقه است، و یکی از ساز‌و‌کارهای موثر برای درک این توانمندی پهنه‌بندی اگرواکولوژیکی می‌باشد. در این مطالعه، به‌منظور پهنه‌بندی اگرواکولوژیکی نظام‏های تولید گندم آبی (triticum aestivum l.) دشت کشاورزی‌خیز شاوور خوزستان از تصاویر ماهواره‌ای و سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی استفاده شد. پس از پهنه‌بندی در نهایت، هشت پهنه اگرواکولوژیکی به‌دست آمد. سپس مشخصات اقلیم، خاک و توپوگرافی هر پهنه با نیازهای رویشی گندم مقایسه و کلاس‌های تناسب اراضی با استفاده از روش پارامتریک (ریشه دوم) و استوری تعیین شدند. نتایج نشان داد که کلاس تناسب اقلیم برای محصول گندم بسیار مناسب (s1) می‌باشد. بر اساس این روش‌ها به‌ترتیب تقریباً 42 و 58 درصد اراضی در کلاس‌های نسبتاً مناسب (s2) و تناسب بحرانی (s3) قرار گرفتند. علاوه‌براین، از محدودیت‌های عمده در منطقه شامل حاصلخیزی ضعیف خاک، کمبود ماده آلی، پایین بودن ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی (c.e.c) و هم‌چنین شور و سدیمی بودن اراضی می‌باشد. پتانسیل تولید گندم نیز با استفاده از روش فائو محاسبه، و مقدار آن 6823 کیلوگرم در هکتار به‌دست آمد. هم‌چنین پتانسیل تولید اراضی در هر یک از پهنه‌ها، نیز برآورد شد، که به‌دلیل اثرات عوامل محدودکننده فوق‌الذکر پتانسیل تولید اراضی گندم در پهنه‌های موسوم به اراضی خلف عزیز (a)، بام دژ (b)، الهایی (c)، علی چعب (d)، کرخه (e)، عبدالخان (f)، سید عباس (g) و بیت حاتم (h) به‌ترتیب 28، 60، 60، 60، 55، 52، 40 و 51 درصد کاهش نشان داد که با اصلاح این محدودیت‌ها مثل اعمال مدیریت صحیح از قبیل افزایش ماده آلی به خاک و آب‌شویی اراضی می‌توان تولید محصول را در این بوم‌نظام‌ها افزایش داد.

Agroecological Zoning of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Production Systems using RS and GIS in the Shavoor Plain of Khouzestan

Introduction;Growing demand for food in the coming decades will require a significant increase in crop production. Indeed, the variability of weather, soil and topography result in different agroecological conditions which may be suitable or unsuitable for some crops. To determine land suitability in an ecosystem, agroecological zonation is one of the effective tools for recognizing the capabilities of land and allocating them to the best and most profitable types of crop utilization. Currently, it is one of the most commonly used methods for determining the agroecological characteristics of large geographical areas for the production of crops. This research was performed to perform the agroecological zoning Shavoor area for the production of wheat. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of agroecological zoning and evaluate the land suitability in a part of Shavoor lands of Khouzestan, with using the parametric method (square root). Also, wheat potential production and potential land production were calculated.; ;Material and Methods;Study area: The present study conducted in Shavoor area, Khouzestan Province, Iran, is located in 31° 47 apos; 39 to 31° 53 apos; 19 N latitude and 48° 27 apos; 32 to 48° 22 apos; 12 E longitude. The study area is 5000 ha. The length of the growing season or growing period (LGS or LGP), as defined by the AgroEcological Zones project, is the period (in days) during a year when precipitation exceeds half the potential evapotranspiration. A period required to evapotranspiration an assumed 100mm of water from excess precipitation stored in the soil profile is sometimes added. No provision made for stored soil moisture. To obtain a length of the growth period, the rain, and potential evapotranspiration during the growth period estimated from the data weather of Safiabad station. For soil mapping, it was used for precise semidetail studies irrigation and drain networks of Shavoor plain. Finally, the soil map prepared. Landsat 8 and IRS satellite images in 2016 were used to provide a landuse map. The agroecological zoning map of the study area was obtained by the combination of agroclimatic and agroedaphic data and apply the function in the GIS environment. To evaluate the Land suitability in Agroecological zoning, conformity of the land characteristics in each defined zone with wheat growing requirements performance, and the final class of land was measured. To estimate the Potential yield in the region, the FAO model, was used.;Results and Discussion;After overlapping desired maps in the GIS, the study area defined and separated into 8 Agroecological zones. Land suitability evaluation results: Based on square root and Storie methods 42% and 58% of the land were located in the classes including moderately suitable land (S2) and marginally suitable (S3). The potential yield of wheat was obtained 6823 kg ha1 by using the FAO method. The land production potential in each of the zones was also estimated. Because of the effects of the aforementioned limitation factors, the land potential production for wheat decreased in lands the Khalaf Aziz (A), Bam Dej (B), Elhaee (C), Ali Chaab (D), Karkheh (E), Abdul Khan (F), Sayed Abbass (G) and Bait Hatam (H) by 28, 60, 60, 60, 55, 52, 40 and 51%, respectively. By improving these constraints, such as proper management practices such as increasing organic matter to the soil and land leaching, it is possible to increase the production of wheat in these ecosystems.;Conclusion;This evaluation conducted to agroecological zoning of the Shavoor plain for agroecosystem planning. Land suitability and land production potential estimated in each zone for wheatbased on parametric (square root) and Storie method. The results showed that climatic properties did not create significant limitations for wheat cultivation in an ecosystem. Limitations related to soil properties results showed that the A and F zones of the study area were the moderately suitable class (S2). Also, the deficit of organic matter, salinity, and alkalinity in the other parts are the major limiting factors.