بررسی تاثیر سطوح مختلف کود کامل npk و اسید فولویک بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی، عملکرد و اجزا عملکرد گیاه دارویی ریحان (ocimum basilicum l.)

به‌منظور بررسی تاثیر سطوح کود کامل npk و اسید فولویک بر برخی صفات رویشی و زایشی گیاه ریحان (ocimum basilicum l.)، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی، در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند در سال زراعی 96-1395 اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل محلول‌پاشی کود کاملnpk (20-20-20) در سه سطح (صفر، سه و شش در هزار) و مصرف خاکی اسید فولویک در سه سطح (0 و 5 و 10 کیلوگرم در هکتار) با سه تکرار بودند. نتایج نشان داد، کود کاملnpk تاثیر معنی‌داری بر ‌ارتفاع، تعداد برگ، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک داشت، به‌طوری‌که بیش‌ترین میزان ارتفاع (48.4 سانتی‌متر) و عملکرد بیولوژیک (2.1 کیلوگرم در مترمربع) از کاربرد سطح شش در هزار کود کامل و کم‌ترین آن (36.5 سانتی‌متر و 1.6 کیلوگرم در مترمربع) از شاهد (عدم کاربرد کود) به‌دست آمد. هم‌چنین بیش‌ترین میزان تعداد برگ بوته (129.5) و وزن هزار دانه (1.5 گرم) با کاربرد 10 کیلوگرم در هکتار اسید فولویک و کم‌ترین میزان این صفات (120 و 1.4 گرم) در شاهد مشاهده شد. اما فاصله میان‌گره و تعداد بذر بوته تحت تاثیر تیمارهای کودی قرار نگرفت. هم‌چنین اثرات متقابل نیز نشان داد،که بیش‌ترین میزان عملکرد بیولوژیک (2.2 کیلوگرم در مترمربع) و وزن خشک بوته (483.8 گرم در مترمربع)، در تیمار مصرف هم‌زمان شش در هزار کود کامل و10 کیلوگرم در هکتار اسید فولویک و کم‌ترین میزان آن‌ها (1.4کیلوگرم در مترمربع و 259.5 گرم در مترمربع)، در شاهد (عدم کودهی)‌ مشاهده شد. به‌طور کلی، نتایج بیانگر تاثیر مثبت و افزایشی کاربرد تلفیقی کودهای شیمیایی و آلی بر میزان عملکرد گیاه ریحان بود و بر این اساس پیشنهاد می‌شود، می‌توان تیمار شش در هزار کود کامل و 10 کیلوگرم در هکتار اسیدفولویک را به‌عنوان راهکاری اکولوژیک برای افزایش عملکرد کمّی گیاه دارویی ریحان توصیه نمود.

Effects of Different Levels of NPK Fertilizer and Fulvic Acid on Morphogical Characteristics, Yield and Yield components of Basil as a Medicinal Plant (Ocimum basilicum L.)

Introduction;Basil (Ocimum basilicum) is an herbaceous medicinal plant from the Lamiaceae family with a wide range of applications in culinary, cosmetic, food, perfumery and medical industries. The presence of more than 200 chemicals includes flavonoids, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, triterpenes and aromatic compounds in basil oil have been identified. The main components of its oil are eugenol, methyleugenol, linalool, estragole and anethole, varying by chemotype. Basil is one of the most important medicinal plants in Iran, which is widely used in various industries including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, sanitary and food industries, and it is considered as an antifluff and appetizer in traditional medicine. Therefore, in order to maximize yield and increase the length of the basil production period, the appropriate management of this product is necessary. Among which the use of suitable nutritional elements is one of the useful ways to improve the performance of this plant. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of NPK fertilizer and fulvic acid, and their interaction on vegetative, reproductive growth and yield of Basil apos;s medicinal plant.; ;Materials and Methods;In this study, the effects of applications of fulvic acid and NPK fertilizer on yield and growth characteristics of basil were evaluated under field conditions. Treatments were three levels of NPK fertilizer (0, 3 and 6 per thousand) and three levels of fulvic acid (0, 5 and 10 kg.ha1). The experiment was designed as factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research station of Faculty of Agriculture University of Birjand during growing season of 2017. The measured indices including vegetative characteristics (plant height, laterals number.plant1, plant weight (g.m2), leaf weight(g), leaves No.plant1) and reproductive characteristics (grain yield, 1000seed weight, seed number, biological yield and harvest index). Finally, the experimental data were statistically analyzed using SAS program ver. 9.2 and means were separated Duncan multiple test at 5% probability level of probability.;Results and Discussion;The results showed that NPK fertilizer had a significant effect on vegetative characteristics (plant height, fresh and dry weight of plant (g.m2), lateral number per plant and leaves No.plant1), so that the highest plant height and biological yield (48.4 cm and 2.16 kg.m2, respectively) were obtained with application of six per thousand of NPK fertilizer. The results showed that NPK fertilizer had significant effect on 1000seed weight. The highest 1000seed weight (1.6 g) was obtained at six per thousand of NPK fertilizer, and the lowest of 1000 seed weight, (1.4 g) was observed in the control. Fulvic acid affected vegetative characteristics (plant height and laterals number per plant), so that the highest plant height and laterals number.plant1 (46.0 cm and 15.88 per plant) was obtained with the application of 10 kg.ha1 fulvic acid treatment. Also, the results showed a significant effect of fulvic acid on reproductive characteristics (plant weight (g.m2), 1000 seed weight (g)). The highest leaves No.plant1 (129.5) and 1000 seed weight (1.5g) were obtained at 10 kg .ha1 fulvic acid, and the lowest of plant weight, 1000seed weight were observed in the control. The interactions showed that the highest biological yield (2.29 kg.m2) and plant dry weight (483.83 g.m2) were obtained from treatment at six per thousand of NPK fertilizer and 10 kg.ha1 fulvic acid and the lowest amounts (1.44 kg.m2 and 259.5 g.m2) was obtained from control.;Conclusion;The results of this study showed that fulvic acid and NPK fertilizer had significant effect on yield and growth characteristics of basil. Thus, results showed that fulvic acid (10 kg.ha1) and NPK fertilizer (six per thousand) had strong impact on yield and growth characteristics of basil under field conditions.; Acknowledgements;Authors are grateful to Ebrahim Ebrahimabadi for their help with the field experiments.