بررسی عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد دانه گیاه علف قناری (phalaris canariensis l.) در پاسخ به سطوح مختلف آبیاری، کود‌های آلی و شیمیایی

به منظور بررسی اثر مقادیر مختلف آب آبیاری و مدیریت تلفیقی کودهای آلی و شیمیایی بر عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد دانه گیاه علف قناری (phalaris canariensis l.)، آزمایشی به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال زراعی 93-1392 اجرا شد. رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری در سه سطح (60، 80 و 100 درصد نیاز آبی) در کرت های اصلی و تیمار‌های کودی در شش سطح (کود شیمیایی (200 کیلوگرم در هکتار از منبع اوره و 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار از منبع سوپر فسفات تریپل)، کود ورمی‌کمپوست (6 تن در هکتار)، کود دامی (30 تن در هکتار)، کود شیمیایی+کود ورمی‌کمپوست، کود شیمیایی+کود دامی و شاهد) در کرت های فرعی قرار گرفتند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد سطوح مختلف آب آبیاری اثر معنی‌داری بر روی تمامی صفات مورد بررسی به جز شاخص برداشت داشت. ارتفاع، تعداد پنجه، تعداد سنبله، تعداد دانه و وزن دانه در بوته، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک، پروتئین دانه و عملکرد پروتئین دانه به طور معنی‌داری تحت تاثیر تیمار‌های کودی قرار گرفتند. اثر متقابل رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری و تیمار‌های کودی اثر معنی‌داری بر صفات ارتفاع بوته، تعداد پنجه در بوته داشت. بیشترین ارتفاع بوته در تیمار آبیاری 80 درصد نیاز آبی + کود ورمی‌کمپوست و بیشترین تعداد پنجه در بوته در تیمار آبیاری 100 درصد نیاز آبی+کود ورمی‌کمپوست مشاهده شد. همچنین در تیمار آبیاری100 درصد نیاز آبی و 80 درصد نیاز آبی بیشترین تعداد دانه در بوته و بیشترین عملکرد بیولوژیک مشاهده شد. تعداد دانه در بوته و عملکرد بیولوژیک در تیمار مصرف کود دامی و کود ورمی‌کمپوست بیشترین مقدار را دارا بودند. تیمار‌های کود دامی و ورمی‌کمپوست نسبت به تیمار کود شیمیایی و شاهد عملکرد بهتری داشتند. در مجموع اکثر صفات مورد مطالعه تیمار آبیاری 100 درصد نیاز آبی تفاوت معنی‌داری با آبیاری 80 درصد نیاز آبی نداشت و مصرف کود آلی نیز تاثیر مناسب‌تری بر رشد و عملکرد گیاه بر جای گذاشت.

Investigation of Growth Indices, Grain yield and Yield Components of Canary seed (Phalaris canariensis) in Response to the Different Levels of Irrigation, Organic and Chemical

Introduction;Canary seed (Phalaris canariensis L.) from poaceae family is a drought tolerant plant. Canary seed originally is native to Mediterranean region, and can be grown commercially in several parts of the world.;Evaluation of different systems of plant feeding to achieve a high yield and desirable quality is one of the important requirements in agricultural planning . Therefore, gradually replacing chemical fertilizers with biological and organic fertilizers will result in providing nutrient requirements of plants, improvement of physical, chemical and biological conditions of soil and reduction of adverse environmental effects. Therefore, the aim of this research is to study the effect of deficit irrigation and managing the use of chemical and organic fertilizers individually or combined on yield and yield components of canary seed.;  ;Materials and methods ;To investigate the effects of different levels of irrigation water and integrated management of chemical and organic fertilizers on growth indices, yield and yield components of Canary seed plant, an experiment was conducted as split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at Agricultural Research Station, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran during growing season of 20132014.;Main plots considered different irrigation regimes with three levels (60, 80 and 100 percent of water requirement) and subplots considered for fertilizer treatments in six levels (chemical fertilizer, vermicompost fertilizer, manure, chemical fertilizer + vermicompost fertilizer, chemical fertilizer + manure and control). The amounts of treatment of nitrogen chemical fertilizer (200 kg ha1 of urea source and 150 kg ha1 of triple super phosphate) were applied in related plots. The amounts of manure fertilizers (30 t ha1) and vermicompost (6 t ha1) were determined and applied based on recommended amount of nitrogen. Water requirement of Canary seed was estimated by the OPTIWAT software under general condition of Mashhad;Before final harvest of the grain, 10 bushes were randomly chosen from each plot and traits such as bush height, the number of tillers per bush, the number of prolific tillers in each bush, the number of spikes in each bush, the number of grains in each spike, the grain weight in each spike and bush, 1000 grain weight and harvest index were determined. Then, considering margin from a surface equivalent to 1.4 m2, plants were harvested from the height 35 cm and the produced biomass in each plot was recorded. Then, grains were separated from straw and the grain yield was determined in each plot.;Finally, recorded data were analyzed by SAS software ver. 9.1 and mean comparison based on Duncan multiplerange test was conducted by MSTATC software in the probability level of 5 percent. Result and Discussion;This study results indicated that different levels of water irrigation had significant impact on all studied traits except harvest index. All studied traits except harvest index and 1000grain weight had been significantly influenced by fertilizer treatments. Interaction of different irrigation regimes and fertilizer treatments had significant effect on the traits including plant height, the number of tillers per plant.  The maximum height of plant was observed in irrigation treatment of 80 percent of water requirement and the maximum number of tillers per plant was observed in irrigation treatment of 100 percent of water requirement. In addition, under the irrigation treatment of 100 percent water requirement and 100 percent water requirement, the maximum number of grains per plant and the maximum biological yield was observed. The maximum grains per plant and biological yield was observed under animal manure and vermicompost treatments. Animal manure and vermicompost treatments had higher yield than control and chemical fertilizer treatments. In most of the studied traits, irrigation treatment of 100 percent water requirement was not significantly different from 80 percent water requirement irrigation.  ;  Acknowledgements;The authors acknowledge the financial support of the project (grant number 31441, 09 July 2014) Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.