a resilient-sustainable scnd using multiple sourcing and backup facility strategies in iran’s broiler network

Today’s food supply chains are increasingly vulnerable to uncertainties in both supply and demand, as well as unexpected disruptions. broiler supply chains, among the most vital globally, are no exception. to address this, the proposed model for this essential product, spanning five tiers and covering 31 states, incorporates resilience strategies such as backup facilities and multiple sourcing. the model utilizes bi-objective, multi-period, and multi-product mixed-integer linear programming to account for all three pillars of sustainability. the primary objectives are to maximize total supply chain profit while minimizing carbon dioxide (co₂) emissions from transportation. real-world deterministic data is imported into the model, which is solved using general algebraic modeling system (gams) software. the ε-constraint method is employed to generate pareto-optimal solutions for the competing objectives. additionally, validation and sensitivity analysis are conducted on key parameters within reasonable ranges. the results demonstrate an enhanced network that is both more profitable and less environmentally harmful.