تبیین الگوی حاکم بر پیکره‌بندی فضایی خانه‌های دوره قاجار در دزفول با تاکید بر تئوری نحو فضا

نظام فضایی-کالبدی در سکونتگاه‌های انسانی بیانگر تعاملات اجتماعی، رفتارها و کنش‌های موجود در جامعه است و «معماری» با سازمان‌دهی و ارتباط میان فضاها، معنای نهفته در ساختار اجتماعی را آشکار می‌نماید. پژوهش حاضر با هدف تبیین ساختار اجتماعی خانه‌های تاریخی دزفول، به این پرسش پاسخ می‌دهد که: پیکره‌بندی فضایی خانه‌ها در دوره‌ی قاجار بیانگر چه الگویی است؟. دوره‌ی قاجار به دلیل حفظ پیوستگی در معنای «خانه» انتخاب شده و جامعه‌ی آماری شامل کلیه خانه‌‌های شهر دزفول طی آن دوره است. حجم نمونه شامل 10 خانه از میان خانه‌هایی بدون مداخلات و تغییرات کالبدی موثر، به روش نمونه‌‌گیری هدفمند تعیین گردید. روش تحقیق به‌صورت ترکیبی و به شیوه‌ی توصیفی-تحلیلی بر پایه‌ی استدلال منطقی می‌باشد. گردآوری اطلاعات نیز بر مبنای مشاهدات میدانی و با استناد به منابع و نقشه‌های معتبر بوده، همچنین استخراج و تحلیل داده‌ها توسط نرم‌افزار a-graph صورت گرفته است. خانه‌های مورد مطالعه بر حسب تعداد و محل قرارگیری حیاط به پنج گروه تقسیم‌بندی و تاثیر شاخص‌های «ارتباط، هم‌پیوندی، عمق و مرتبه نسبی» بر «تعاملات و محرمیت» ارزیابی می-شود. وجود «شوادان» در خانه‌های دزفول به عنوان جنبه‌ای جدید نسبت به سایر مطالعات نحو فضا می‌باشد. پژوهش حاضر نشان می‌دهد در الگوی حاکم بر خانه‌های دوره‌ی قاجار، «حیاط» و «ایوان» دارای بالاترین ارزش تعاملات و کمترین میزان از محرمیت هستند و به عنوان نفوذپذیرترین فضاها قلمداد می‌شوند. نتایج پژوهش همچنین بیانگر یکپارچگی بالا در فضای شوادان بوده که این الگو همراه با حفظ محرمیت در ریزفضاهای آن است.

explaining the dominant pattern, the spatial configuration of qajar houses in dezful with emphasis on the theory of space syntax

introduction: lack of attention to the hidden patterns and valuable social relations that flow in the houses has led to a kind of disconnection in the architecture of the iranian house, which can be considered as a necessity and in this context, mere attention to the physical points is not enough to achieve the goal. the present study also deals with the qajar period in which the historical continuity of the meaning of the house has been preserved and with the aim of explaining the biological pattern of qajar period houses in dezful based on the theory of space syntax to answer the question: what pattern does the spatial configuration of houses in the qajar period represent? materials and methods: the data collection of case samples, based on field observations and with reference to reliable sources and maps, and the extraction of software data was done by a-graph software. the statistical population includes all houses of qajar period in dezful and the sample size includes 10 houses which has been determined by purposive sampling method. these houses are divided into five groups according to the number and location of the yard and the effect of spatial syntax indicators including connectivity, integration, depth and relative asymmetry on social structure indicators including interactions and privacy has been studied. the method used in the present study is a combined method in a descriptive-analytical manner based on logical reasoning. results and discussion: the study of privacy indicates that the main yard has the lowest level of privacy compared to other spaces and in the second and third yards, the level of privacy is higher than the main yard and less than the surrounding spaces. the analysis about the access stairs to the upper floors, shavadan stairs and basement stairs shows that the connection of the stairs of the upper floors has a linear relationship with the number of stairs to access the floors in such a way that with the increase of the connection, the number of access stairs to the higher floors also increases. also, in the houses that have multiple rooms on the upper floors, more than one staircase is considered for the upper floors, at least one of them is located at the lowest depth, so that relatively independent access from other spaces of the house is possible. conclusion: the results of the research show that the hosting of guests in the studied houses is not limited to the hall and according to the type of interactions, guests are also hosted in the vestibule and porch spaces. the present research shows that in all the classifications, the courtyard and porch spaces have the highest level of permeability in the houses of the qajar period of dezful and have the highest interaction value. according to the study of the studied houses, the research hypothesis that there is a significant pattern in the spatial configuration of dezful houses in the qajar period was confirmed and the results obtained show that although these houses are in different categories in terms of physical diversity.