سنجش پایداری اجتماعی در محله‌های سنتی، مقایسه تطبیقی محلات سنگی، عاشوری و شکری شهر بوشهر

معضلات اجتماعی یکی از مسائل مهم بافت‌های سنتی شهرهای ایران است که می‌توان از آن به ‌عنوان ناپایداری اجتماعی یاد کرد. کم‌توجهی به این مسائل سبب شده است علی‌رغم اجرای برنامه‌ها و پروژه‌های مختلف، محلات سنتی همچنان از ابعاد کالبدی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی با معضلاتی بسیار درگیر باشند. به همین منظور پژوهش حاضر، پیمایشی مقطعی برای تحلیل پایداری اجتماعی در سه محله سنتی سنگی، عاشوری و شکری در شهر بوشهر را دنبال نموده است. جامعه آماری شامل ساکنین این محلات است که از میان آنها، 201 نفر (76 نفر به ازای هر محله) به عنوان نمونه به صورت هدفمند انتخاب شده‌اند. پس از پیمایش میدانی و تکمیل پرسشنامه‌ها، داده‌ها در نرم‌افزار spss وارد شده و با مدل‌های تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و رگرسیون چندمتغیره خطی مورد تحلیل قرار گرفته‌اند. مطابق یافته‌ها، 22 شاخص پایداری اجتماعی را می‌توان در 6 عامل «تعامل و سرمایه اجتماعی»، «کیفیت زندگی و اعتماد نهادی»، «برابری و عدالت اجتماعی»، «رضایتمندی و امنیت اجتماعی»، «سلامت اجتماعی» و «تاب‌آوری کالبدی» دسته‌بندی نمود که در مجموع، بیش از 67 درصد از واریانس پایداری اجتماعی محلات را تبیین می‌کنند. مدل رگرسیونی نیز نشان می‌دهد عوامل «تعامل و سرمایه اجتماعی»، «تاب‌آوری کالبدی» و «کیفیت زندگی و اعتماد نهادی» به ترتیب بیشترین تاثیر را بر رضایتمندی اهالی نسبت به محله دارند. از مقایسه وضعیت سه محله نیز چنین برمی‌آید که محله عاشوری بهترین وضعیت (1/305)، محله سنگی وضعیت متعادل (0/055-) و محله شکری نازل‌ترین وضعیت (1/25-) را به لحاظ پایداری اجتماعی داشته‌اند.

measuring social sustainability in traditional neighborhoods, comparative comparison of sangi, ashuri and shekari neighborhoods of bushehr

introduction: for more than three decades, the social component of sustainability has laggedbehind the environmental and economic components. the study of social sustainability in iranis important in several ways. our traditional neighborhoods were once a safe environmentwith comfort for its inhabitants. bushehr city has many actual and potential capacities interms of social aspects. among the most important social features of this city can be thespecial local language, special local clothes, warm and hospitable spirit of the people, specialbushehr music, sea ritual in bushehr port, folk traditions of muharram. in the past, thetradition of holding these ceremonies, helping and trusting each other and a sense ofbelonging among the people has been more prominent and social values are declining.materials and methods: the present study is descriptive-analytical in nature. the validity ofthe questionnaire was confirmed by receiving the opinion of a 5-member expert group and thereliability was confirmed by calculating the cronbach's alpha test for the first 30questionnaires that were obtained more than 0.7. then, with an error of 0.7, the sample sizewith cochran's formula was equal to 196 people. in order to increase the accuracy of thestudy, 201 questionnaires were considered for the three neighborhoods of sangi, shekari andashuri. the share of each neighborhood was 67 questionnaires. the sampling method waspurposeful sampling. then, the data was entered into spss software and evaluated usingexploratory factor analysis and linear multivariate regression. results and discussion: according to the findings, 22 indicators of social sustainability canbe divided into 6 factors: interaction and social capital, quality of life and institutionaltrust, equality and social justice, satisfaction and social security, social health andphysical resilience categorized that in total, they explain more than 67% of the variance ofneighborhood social sustainability. the regression model also shows that the factors ofinteraction and social capital, physical resilience and quality of life and final trust havethe greatest impact on residents' satisfaction with the neighborhood, respectively. thefindings of this study are consistent with the research of raj et al. (2018) and hosseinpour(1399). despite the emphasis of larimian et al. (2020) and abdullah zadeh et al. (2017) onthe high priority of the quality factor of urban design, the indicators related to this factor (the amount of walking and cycling, the level of satisfaction with public spaces) in the presentstudy, they have been placed in the priorities of effectiveness for the third time and later. thisissue can be due to burnout, disorder and lack of implementation projects in the target areas ofthe present study, which has caused factors such as resilience to have a greater priority inachieving social sustainability.conclusion: the results of statistical analysis on the target neighborhoods have shown thatashuri neighborhood has the highest social sustainability and shekari neighborhood is in lowcondition. regarding ashuri neighborhood, according to the indicators that are in the firstfactor (interaction and social capital), the reasons for the superiority of this neighborhood isthat the residence time of the respondents is longer than other neighborhoods, which causesthere has been an increase in the sense of belonging to the neighborhood and the interactionof people with each other. due to the existence of several mosques in this neighborhood,people's participation in religious activities is very high, which has led to increased socialinteraction, trust in each other and a sense of belonging.