خوانش پدیدارشناسانه معماری خانه‌های مسکونی دوره پهلوی‌ دوم در جغرافیای طبیعی و انسانی شهر تهران از ادبیات‌ داستانی

مصادیق معماری برای ایجاد و ارتقای کیفیت، باید از تمامی جنبه‌های ظاهری و معنایی مورد‌ مرور و بررسی دقیق قرار گیرند. خانه به‌عنوان یک سرپناه برای پاسخ‌‌گویی به نیازهای انسانی، از مصادیق مهم معماری می‌باشد که نیاز به پژوهش‌های بسیاری دارد، زیرا خانه‌های امروزی در مقایسه با گذشته فاقد بسیاری از مفاهیم محتوایی و ظاهری می‌باشند. از طرفی خانه به‌عنوان یک نیاز اجتماعی مهم شکل‌گرفته می‌تواند با دیگر هنرها نیز بررسی و مقایسه گردد. رویکرد کیفی پدیدارشناسی از رویکردهای مهم ادبیات ‌نظری معماری در رابطه با خانه‌های مسکونی ایرانی است که مطالعات کمتری در این زمینه صورت گرفته‌است. هدف پژوهش بررسی معنا و کالبد خانه‌های شهری تهران در دوره پهلوی دوم با دیدگاه پدیدارشناسانه از دیدگاه یک نویسنده ادبی است تا بتوان به ابعاد کشف‌نشده‌ای از خانه ایرانی دست‌یافت. این پژوهش به روش تحلیل محتوا و با کاربست شیوه هرمنوتیک، به بررسی معانی و کالبد خانه‌های دوره پهلوی دوم با رویکرد پدیدارشناسی از متون کتاب‌های مورد بررسی پرداخته‌است. نتایج نشان می‌دهند که مفاهیم معماری خانه‌های مسکونی در متون داستانی جمال میرصادقی، واقع در جغرافیای طبیعی و انسانی شهر تهران، به‌لحاظ معنایی و کالبدی دارای غنای حسی بالا و قابل‌تحلیل از منظر پدیدارشناسی می‌باشند. مولفه‌های یافت‌شده نظیر «تنوع ادراکی، تمایل در ورود به مکان، تداوم آشنایی در تعلق‌فضایی، تجربه‌فضایی، آرامش با ادراک حسگانی، حس‌اعتماد به فضا، تنوع رفتاری در رویدادها، ذهنیت آشنا به فضا، ارتباط فردی با محیط‌ پیرامون، تعدد فضای احساسی، کیفیت در تنوع بافت» می‌باشند که نشان‌دهنده افزایش کیفیت هریک از اجزای مکان در فضاهای مسکونی آن دوره می‌‌باشند.

phenomenological reading of the architecture of residential houses of the second pahlavi period in the natural and human geography of tehran from fiction literature

for exploration, creation and promotion of quality, we need to study the architectural extensionsfrom the point of view of all their superficial and semantic aspects. to promote quality, precisereview of these superficial and semantic is necessary. house as a shelter for answering humanneeds is one of the significant extensions of architecture that requires many studies in order toprovide the ground for promotion of its quality, because contemporary houses as compared topast lack many concepts both from the point of view of content and appearance. on the otherhand, house has evolved as a significant social need and can be studied in comparison withother arts. among other arts, fictional literature due to its being a truth-like translation of dailylife in the domain of literature has a close relation with the structure of society. for in one sense,it is a reflection of social realities. therefore, this question is raised that which concepts ofhouses of pahlavi ii can be understood and studied from the point of view of an author offictional literature and through the texts and books? the current study is done based on thehypothesis that in rereading of fictional stories from the point of view of phenomenology,valuable concepts of house should be developed from the semantic and physical perspectivesso that these concepts of house can be inferred from stories from the point of view of humanemotions and lived individual experiences. meanwhile, phenomenological approach is asignificant qualitative approach in the field of theoretical literature of architecture on which fewstudies have conducted in relation to the residential iranian houses. the goal of raising thisissue is the discovery of the meaning and concept of life in urban houses of tehran in pahlaviii era in an analytic form and from a phenomenological point of view as well as their importancein the houses of those times in a contemplative way and from the perspective of a literary andfictional author so that we can reveal the undiscovered aspects of iranian houses. this studystruggles to first introduce the concepts of house from the perspective of phenomenologists, and then proceed to assay the concepts, meanings and physical body of the houses of pahlaviii era in the relevant texts and books based on the method of content analysis and by applicationof hermeneutical method. the importance and necessity of present study also lies in the lack ofmeaning and fall of the spatial quality in contemporary houses that we seek to reach it throughthe exploration of past houses from a different perspective. given the growing progress andflourishing of fictional literature and emergence of different authors in pahlavi ii era, this periodis an appropriate context for description of events and states of people in those times at tehrancity in view of the study of fictional texts with a realist content. the results show thatarchitectural concepts of residential houses of pahlavi ii era in fictional texts of jamalmirsadeghi which have been written during this period are of high emotional richness both fromsemantic and physical perspectives that can be analyzed from a phenomenological point ofview. the found components such as the desire to enter the place and spatial diversity andrespect for nature and the quality of the cover texture, have created semantic concepts andmultiplicity of emotional space such as spatial transparency, memory, spatial experience,tranquility, security, privacy and identity in homes. the increase in the quality of eachcomponent of the place is a result of people's satisfaction with living in the residential spacesof that period.