بررسی تطبیقی شاخص‌های پایداری اجتماعی در انواع بافت‌های شهری (مطالعه موردی سه محله در بافت‌های جدید، میانی و قدیم در شیراز)

این پژوهش در پی آن است که ضمن تدوین چارچوبی از شاخص‌های پایداری اجتماعی در بستر مطالعات شهری، وضعیت این شاخص‌ها را در سه پهنه فرمی با ویژگی‌های ریخت‌شناسی متفاوت، بررسی نماید.سه محله «اسحاق‌بیگ»، «قاآنی» و «کوی پزشکان» در سه بافت قدیم، میانی و جدید شهر شیراز انتخاب شده و با روش پیمایش کمّی و به کمک پرسشنامه (450 نمونه) به ارزیابی ابعاد و شاخص‌های پایداری اجتماعی در این سه محله پرداخته شده است. در این پرسشنامه 6 عامل از عوامل پایداری اجتماعی در قالب 19 شاخص مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته‌اند. داده‌های حاصل با «آزمون تی تک نمونه» و «آزمون واریانس» و «آزمون توکی» در محیط نرم افزار spss تحلیل شده اند. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد سطح دو عامل «تعاملات اجتماعی» و «مشارکت اجتماعی» در محله تاریخی و ارگانیک اسحاق بیگ بیشتر از دو محله دیگر است. اما چهار عامل «حس امنیت»، «عدالت اجتماعی»، «روح اجتماعی محله» و «سکونت خوب»، در بافت جدید و مرتفع محله پزشکان بیشتر از دو محله دیگر بوده است. نتایج حاصل از برآیند عوامل نشان می‌دهد که در بافت‌های فشرده، ارگانیک و تاریخی، فرصت‌های تعامل و مشارکت اجتماعی فراهم‌تر است اما در بافت‌های جدید شهری، رضایت از سکونت، امنیت و عدالت اجتماعی وضعیت بهتری دارد.

a comparative study on social sustainability indexes in urban fabrics (three neighborhoods in shiraz, iran)

introduction: this research looks at the issue of social sustainability from the origin of urbandevelopment and at the scale of neighborhood and tries to compare the indicators of socialsustainability in different urban areas. the most important question posed in this research isthat; what are the indicators of social sustainability in urban neighborhoods with differentforms? in the following, during the research process, we try to answer this question and achievethe goals of the researchmethodology: the present research is practical in terms of its purpose and has used aquantitative approach and a comparative study with the help of survey and questionnaire toolsto achieve its goals. the studied samples are three neighborhoods doctors' cove, qaani andishaq beyk, which are located in the new, middle and old contexts of shiraz city, respectively.in order to conduct the survey, a questionnaire was developed based on the theoreticalframework of the research, whose indicators can be seen in table no. 2. in this selection, anattempt was made to select the most frequent and appropriate indicators according to theconditions of the investigated areas. for each index, two to three items were set and the surveywas conducted in the months of october and november 2018 in the number of 150 people anda total of 450 people in each neighborhood. in the survey and sampling process, for each urbanblock, according to the area, the share of the desired questionnaire was determined anddistributed and collected in the same proportion. in order to ensure the validity of thequestionnaire, three professors of urban planning reviewed the questionnaire and compared itwith the investigated indicators, and their opinions were applied in editing the questionnaire. inorder to measure the reliability of the questionnaire, with the help of a pre-test with 30 samples,cronbach's alpha test was used, and the result of this test was 0.846, confirming the reliabilityof the questionnaire. the data obtained from the questionnaire after being entered into spsssoftware have been analyzed with the help of t-test and one-way variance statistical tests.results and discussion: the findings from the data at this stage show that the level of socialinteractions in ishaqbek neighborhood is higher than the other two neighborhoods. thisneighborhood also has a higher level of social participation according to statistical findings. itseems that the organic texture and the age of residence in the neighborhood have had an impacton the promotion of these two factors of social stability. on the other hand, according to thefindings of this survey, this neighborhood does not have a good situation in terms of security.doctors neighborhood has the highest level of security among the three neighborhoods. also, the situation of social justice and especially the fair access to services in doctors' coy is betterthan the other two neighborhoods. in the case of the spirit of the local community factor, eventhough the doctors have a higher level, there is no significant difference in the statisticalfindings between the three areas. the good residence factor, which indicates stability andresidential satisfaction, is higher in the doctors' neighborhood than in the two neighborhoods ofqaani and ishaq beyk. in total, the result and the average of the factors obtained from thedescriptive findings show that doctors' quarter has a higher level of social sustainability factorsthan the other two neighborhoods. picture number 2 also compares social sustainability factorsin three neighborhoods in the form of a diagram. in the graph (number 2), the average factorsaffecting social sustainability are shown separately by locality. in four factors; sense ofsecurity, social justice, local community spirit and good living, doctors' coy wassignificantly better than the other two neighborhoods. in the two factors of social participationand social interactions, the condition of ishaq beyg and then qaani is better than that ofdoctors.conclusion: the results of the data analysis in this research show that more compact andorganic structures, with a long history of construction and a longer history of residence and ahigher population density, have better opportunities for friendship and communication withneighbors in the form of social interactions as well as the desire to participate in local events.and it provides the desire to solve neighborhood problems in the form of social participationfactor. the presence of traditional cooperative groups such as religious groups or ethnic groupsas well as uses such as mosques and hosseiniyehs in these neighborhoods leads to theimprovement of both indicators of interactions and social participation. but the wear and tearof these tissues and the lack of variety of urban uses have challenged the feeling of security atdifferent hours of the day and night. also, the establishment of extra-local services in some ofthese contexts and the low level of local services in them has reduced access to services. theproblem of access to public transportation has also fueled this issue and has overall reduced theindex of social justice in these neighborhoods. in addition to that, the feeling of satisfactionwith life in these neighborhoods has declined due to livelihood and economic problems andgood living which is one of the effective factors in promoting social stability has decreasedin this category of tissues. the establishment of local uses and night uses, as well as theexpansion of public transportation, can improve the access situation and social justice, andalso improve the feeling of security in these contexts. also, improving the physical conditionof housing and establishing open and leisure spaces in these contexts can also increaseresidential satisfaction and improve the good residence factor, as well as improve the senseof belonging to the neighborhood and the spirit of the local community factor, and in general,improve social sustainability in these tissues help a lot.