The Effect of Multi-step Oral-revision Processes on Iranian EFL Learners’ Argumentative Writing Achievement

the purpose of this study was to explore the role of two multi-step oral-revision processes as feedback providing tools on iranian efl learners’ argumentative writing achievement. the participants taking part in this study were 45 iranian efl students who were randomly assigned into three groups. the participants of the groups were given three argumentative writing assignments, each assignment demanding three separate drafts. in the control group, the participants revised their essays in response to teacher's written feedback, while the participants of the two experimental groups experienced oral-revision talks with their teacher or a peer. two sets of quantitative and qualitative data were collected: argumentative essays written at the beginning and the end of the semester and interviews. the results of the quantitative aspect of the study revealed the significant outperformance of the two experimental groups. moreover, the data provided through interviews revealed some differences in terms of the effectiveness of feedback between the two experimental groups. the participants of the peer-led group reported more awareness of the rhetorical structures and an ability to revise surface errors. while, the teacher-led group reported more global writing concerns like content, organization of ideas, and discourse. the obtained results point out that the mutual co-construction of participation roles and certain combinations of negotiation and scaffolding let the teacher provide a supportive conversational environment and assistance in accordance with the proficiency of learners of the teacher-led group to promote greater learner participation.