Inspecting Instrument-Based Variability: Effects of Enriching Willingness to Communicate Questionnaire (WTC) - A Mixed Methods Approach

This cross-sectional mixed methods sequential explanatory research aimed at finding out the effects of enriching wtc using oral-visual role-play on efl responses from comparing the responses of 117 pre-intermediate efl learners to this instrument before and after the enriching act. the quantitative results indicated no statistically significant effect in average score of the responses, and a decrease in reliability from original to the enriched one, but individual and item internal changes. then, it followed up with 12 purposefully recruited typical respondents to explore those quantitative results in verbal protocol after each administration of original and enriched wtc questionnaire that detected source of variability due to purpose, place, visualization, age, gender, and personality of the interlocutors in the role-plays. quantitative and qualitative results are discussed with reference to the prior research. finally, implications for efl instructors, supervisors, and language assessors are provided.