the effect of story-based, l1 translation, and whatsapp emoticon puzzle-solving techniques on iranian intermediate efl learners’ proverb learning

This study investigated the effect of story-based technique, l1 translation, and whatsapp emoticon puzzle solving on efl learners’ learning proverbs. from among 90 female intermediate level learners at two language institutes in qom, iran, 60 homogeneous students were chosen following the administration of a sample of nelson proficiency test and a pre-test. the 60 participants were then assigned to three experimental groups, equal in number. the experimental group 1 was instructed using story-based technique; the experimental group 2 was taught through l1 translation; and the experimental group 3 was exposed to whatsapp emoticon puzzle solving. subsequently, all three groups took part in a proverb post-test similar to the pre-test. the data were analyzed by anova. the results showed that whatsapp emoticon puzzle solving was significantly the most effective, and that the students’ level of learning proverbs was influenced by story-based technique more than l1 translation technique. the findings of this study can contribute to technology- enhanced language teaching.