بهبود کالبد سکونتگاه‌های دانشجویی در جهت افزایش اجتماع‌پذیری با تکیه بر روش نحو فضا، نمونه‌ موردی: خوابگاه دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار

در طراحی فضاهای خوابگاهی اجتماع‌پذیر عوامل کالبدی، کارکردی و ویژگی‌های اجتماعی روانی کاربران فضا نقش دارند. پژوهش حاضر با تمرکز بر اصلاح کالبد از طریق نحو فضا و ارتقاء عوامل کالبدی و بهبود فاکتورهایی نظیر راه‌یابی، جهت‌گیری، دید مورد نیاز کاربر و خوانایی فضا، درصدد ارائه راهکارهایی به‌منظور ایجاد سکونتگاه‌های دانشجویی اجتماع‌پذیرتر می‌باشد. به‌همین منظور دو مورد از خوابگاه‌های دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری سبزوار که از چیدمان خطی و حیاط مرکزی برخوردارند، با فرض بر این که پیکره‌بندی کالبدی فضایی مناسب خوابگاه دانشجویی نقش به‌سزایی در ارتقاء اجتماع‌پذیری این اماکن دارد، مورد کنکاش قرار گرفتند. با استناد به پیشینه تجربی موجود، پیکره‌بندی فضایی از طریق سه شاخص اتصال، هم‌پیوندی،عمق فضا و شاخص ترکیبی خوانایی در قالب سه رویکرد محوری، محدب و میدان دید مورد سنجش قرار گرفت، به‌علاوه رویکرد عامل اساس در روش چیدمان فضا به‌عنوان رویکردی کمکی به‌منظور جامعیت بیشتر به نتایج پژوهش به‌کار رفت. شاخص‌های نام‌برده، در راستای نظریه حرکت طبیعی، روش چیدمان فضا (تحلیل روابط بین فضاها) را به الگوهای رفتاری و اجتماعی کاربران ربط می‌دهد که نشان از فصل مشترک هر دو مقوله اجتماع‌پذیری و پیکره‌بندی فضایی می باشد، همان طور که در پیشینه تجربی موجود نیز از این روش و نظریه به‌منظور پیش‌بینی و تحلیل رفتارهای اجتماعی کاربران بهره گرفته شده است. در واقع رویکرد پژوهش حاضر، شناسایی کم هزینه‌ترین اقدامات کالبدی فضایی موثر بر اجتماع پذیری در خوابگاه‌های دانشجویی، پیش از هر اقدام عملی و سرمایه‌گذاری می باشد.

Development of Dormitory Physics Regarding to the Sociability by Using Space Syntax Methodology, Case Study: Hakim Sabzevari Dormitory in Sabzevar University

Sociability is a spatial quality that gathers people together. The notion of sociability is related to establishing desirable interpersonal and collective relationships as well as opportunities for social interaction in public environments. Due to the growing student population in recent years (with a high percentage of them being nonindigenous students), attention to collective living in the community is more important than the past. In the psychology of the environment, emphasis is placed on how human behavior is influenced by the environment. The subject of the strangeness of the environment is very important in students living at the dormitories due to the large number of users and the repetition of their bodies. In most of these places, brigade plans that are alien to their users’ morale, are not often suitable to be used by the dormitory. Hence, in most of these dormitories, there is lack of proper physical environment that enhances the spirit of socialization among students. Functional, physical and socialpsychological characteristics of the user factors stand in a significant relationship with the design of the studential dormitory. This study has addressed this issue by concentrating on Physical factors adjustment of studential dormitory through space syntax by improving physical factors such as: finding ways, orientation, visibility, user’s requirements and legibility of space which are important in sociability of studential dormitory. For this purpose, two studential dormitory at Sabzevar University that have a linear and central layout are explored .Our hypothesis is that suitable spatial configuration have a significant role in sociability of students at the dormitory. According to the existing experimental literature, spatial configuration is explored by use of main indicators of space syntax. In line with the theory of natural movement, the indicators that relate the space syntax method to behavioral and social patterns show the relation between sociability and space configuration. This method is used to predict and analyze the social behavior of users in the experimental background. The literature and theoretical foundations of this research is analytical method and the following results were expressed through logical reasoning. The maps of both dormitories were provided in the Auto Cad program; the created file was saved with the Dxf suffix and analyzed in the Ucl Depth Map software. In this regard, first, identifying the weaknesses in the original design after the initial analysis of the plans in the space syntax approach was done, and then, by making changes in them (A brief change that does not involve structural intervention and is aimed at improving indicators in the weaknesses of the plan), the above mentioned items were analyzed and compared with the results of the main plan. This process that seems to be able to use the space syntax to achieve an optimal plan that enhances the collective life of these sites (prior to enforcement and cost). In order to measure the components of research in the theory of natural movement, the space syntax method and its software (Ucl depth map), four approaches of this software analysis (Measuring social behavior patterns approaches) and indicators of connectivity, integration, and depth were used in order to measurement of notions that have significant effects on the presence and movement of people in space and sociobehavioural activities in result. These notions are:1space integration analysis 2oriantability analysis(depth) 3axial analysis 4agent based modeling 5intelligibility 6isovist analysis. The purpose of this research is to identify the most costeffective physical activities that affect the socialization in dormitories before any financial and functional activities. Tools such as observation, interviews, grabbed axes and mapping were used in order to navigate environment. The results of four approaches axial, convex, isovist, agent based are reviewed and compared in order to more comprehensive results. Research findings suggest that using the space syntax approach, without interfering in the structural system and only with minor modifications in the interior walls, makes it possible to improve the path finding, orientation, access, user vision and readability in studential dormitories. This, by referring to the theory of natural motion upgrade, provides the abovementioned enhancements to the presence and movement of users in space; presence and movement, which are the primary and basic conditions for the social interaction of users. Thus improving these factors provides a suitable basis for promoting social interactions in studential dormitories. The results also show that by applying physical changes all mentioned indicators and related notions improve. Thereby creating a more integrated, intelligible, accessible, and vast view is important while the depth point factor is decreased. It means that the new changes decrease the students’ changes in crossing. These factors have significant role in attracting people to physical environment, more visit possibility and the environment socialization in result.