بررسی رابطه دلبستگی محیطی با میزان سلامت روان و سازگاری اجتماعی دانش آموزان سال اول دبیرستان شهرستان ورامین

دلبستگی محیطی، به پیوند عاطفی بین فرد و محیط اطلاق میشود. این مفهوم تجارب زندگی افراد را به میزان قابل توجهی تحت تاثیر قرار می دهد. فردی که به محیطش دلبسته است، احساسات مثبتی، نظیر: شادی و رضایت نسبت به محیط و مردمش دارد. بروز چنین احساساتی نه تنها منجر به سلامت روان بلکه افزایش سازگاری آن ها می شود. پژوهش حاضر، با بررسی دلبستگی محیطی، استنتاجاتی درباره پیامدهای دلبستگی محیطی بر سلامت روان و سازگاری اجتماعی دارد، تا اهمیت محیط زندگی و به تبع آن آثار معماران را در سازگاری و سلامت روان انسان نشان دهد. یکی از نظریه هایی که درباره روابط عاطفی بین انسان و محیط نقش تبیین کننده دارد، نظریه دلبستگی  است. دلبستگی به محیط، عاملی تعیی نکننده و اثرگذار در سازگاری و سلامت روان است. با توجه به اثرگذاری دلبستگی به محیط بر جنبه های مختلف رفتار انسان و اهمیت و ضرورت سلامت روان و سازگاری اجتماعی به خصوص در نوجوانان، پژوهش حاضر به محققین امکان می دهد، تا نقش عوامل مرتبط با سلامت روان و سازگاری اجتماعی را به طور گسترده تر در رابطه با محیط مورد بررسی قرار دهند. در بررسی حاضر، نمونه ای شامل 340 نفر دانش آموز دختر و پسر (پسر 170 نفر و دختر 170 نفر) به روش نمون هگیری تصادفی از مناطق مختلف شهر ورامین انتخاب شد. برای گردآوری داده ها از پرسشنامه دلبستگی محیطی (ae) و یک پرسشنامه سلامت روان(ghq)  گلدبرگ، پرسشنامه سازگاری اجتماعی (ctp)، و یک پرسشنامه جمعیت شناختی  استفاده شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از روش همبستگی، آزمون مستقل t  و تحلیل واریانس یک طرفه استفاده شد. نتایج نشان دادند که دلبستگی محیطی با برخی از مولفه های سلامت روان و سازگاری اجتماعی همبستگی معنی داری دارد. به طورکلی دلبستگی مکانی، اجتماعی و دلبستگی کلی دختران در سطح خانه بیش تر از پسران است. به علاوه نوجوانان در وضعیت اقتصادی اجتماعی پایین از دلبستگی محیطی بیشتری برخوردار هستند.

The Study of Relationship between Environmental Attachment and Mental Health and Social Adjustment of First Grade High School Students in Varamin City

IntroductionEnvironmental psychology is a field of study that examines the interrelationship between environments and human affect, cognition and behavior (Gifford 2007; Stokols & Altman, 1987).Today, social adjustment and mental health as the most important sign that many specialists preoccupied the minds in different Experts, has been attracted psychologists and researchers’ attention in last decades. Interaction and connection between the environment and human lead to emotional relationships between men and the environment (Low & Altman, 1992, p. 12). The use of terms such as neighbors or citizens in many culture expresses attachment to the environment.Permanent interaction with the environment will affect abilities, our being as a person and our mental health. Many Studies show that stronger environmental attachment relates with satisfaction of the location, positive affect and better adjustment (van den Berg et al., 2003, p.135), that this specification will increase social adjustment by increasing peoples’ Mental health.Therefore, we expect environmental attachment in students will be associated with social adjustment and mental health. This study investigated that attachment to the environment related to mental health and social adjustment in students.Materials and MethodsPresent study is a descriptive correlation study which investigates probable relations between environment attachments with mental health and social adjustment in first grade high school Students. Statistical population of this study is all male and female high school students of Varamin City in 201213 academic years. Samples include 340 students (170 boys and 170 girls) who selected by random sampling method.Measures1) Sociodemographic DataInformation was obtained using a standardized questionnaire, for the following sociodemographic variables: sex, age, place of birth, educational level, occupational status, living arrangements, monthly family and per capita income.2) General Health QuestionnaireGeneral Health Questionnaire is a method to quantify the risk of developing psychiatricdisorders. GHQ28 (28items), however the scale is often used as measure of psychological wellbeing .This measure incorporates four subscales: somatic symptoms, anxiety, insomnia,social dysfunctional and severe depression.3) Social AdjustmentThe California Psychological Inventory assesses social communication and interpersonal behavior. The California Psychological Inventory (CPI) is a leading nonclinical personality inventory test that evaluates interpersonal behavior and social interaction of normal individuals.The California Psychological Inventory (CPI) is a selfreport inventory and is made up of 80 truefalse questions which can be grouped into two classes: 1) Social Adjustment 2) Personal Adjustment. The test is typically used with people aged 13 years and older. The inventory contains 80 items.4) Environmental Attachment MeasuresWe measured environmental attachment using 9scale items developed and validated by Midalgo and colleagues (Williams et al., 1992; Williams & Roggenbuck, 1989; Williams & Vaske, 2003). Environmental attachment was measured contained a set of questions repeated four times, ones for each of for area. This measure has shown good internal consistency. Items were presented in on a four point Likert type. ResultsData obtained by searching records in 340 students who were randomly selected to be included in the study. Table 1 summarizes Correlations between the environment attachment with mental health and Social adjustment Table 1. Correlations of All Tested VariableVariableEnvironment Attachment  PlaceSocialEnvironmentMental HealthSomatic Symptoms0/810/500/70Anxiety,Insomnia,0/290/070/17Social Dysfunctional0/770/610/23Depression0/430/620/25Social AdjustmentSocial0/510/950/35Social Skill0/137*0/580/113*AntiSocial Interest0/110/380/53Family Relation0/120/270/67School Relation0/050/980/63Social Relation0/250/830/94  DiscussionThe results show that there is a significant relation between some of dimensions environmental attachment with mental health subscale such as anxiety, sleep disorders, depression and social functions. It seems People who have no attachment to the environment, will not comfort in that environment, and they will be suffering from anxiety and depression environmental attachment establishes better relationships with neighborhood and this creates more social adjustment. This research suggests that environmental designers have to design environments that increase the emotional interaction with their environment. These conditions can increase social adjustment and mental health in students.The findings suggest that environmental attachment play an important role in influencing the psychosocial adjustment, particularly positive mental health.