ارزیابی تنوع مورفو - فیزیولوژیکی ژنوتیپ های گندم دوروم با استفاده از روش بای پلات ژنوتیپ x صفت

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﻫﺪف اوﻟﯿﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﺻﻼح ﻧﺒﺎت ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ و اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎی ﮔﻨﺪم دوروم ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرﻓﻮ-ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ رواﺑﻂ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ ﺑﺎیﭘﻼت ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ در ﺻﻔﺖ ﺑﻮد. ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ: در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ 86 ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﮔﻨﺪم دوروم ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 82 ﻻﯾﻦ اﺻﻼﺣﯽ ﮔﻨﺪم دوروم درﯾﺎﻓﺘﯽ از ﺳﯿﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﻪﻫﻤﺮاه 4 ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 97-1396 در ﻣﻌﺎوﻧﺖ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﺸﺎورزی دﯾﻢ ﮐﺸﻮر (اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺳﺮارود) در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح آﮔﻤﻨﺖ و ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس 22 ﺻﻔﺖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ زراﻋﯽ، ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ و ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس روش ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﻧﺎارﯾﺐ ﺧﻄﯽ (ﺑﻼپ) اﻧﺠﺎم و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس دادهﻫﺎی ﺑﻼپ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﺑﺎیﭘﻼت ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ در ﺻﻔﺖ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ، اﺧﺘﻼف آﻣﺎری ﻣﻌﻨﯽداری ﺑﯿﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎی ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺗﻤﺎم ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪﺟﺰ دﻣﺎی ﮐﺎﻧﻮﭘﯽ و ﻃﻮل ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ دﯾﻢ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ، ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﭼﻨﺪﺿﻠﻌﯽ ﺑﺎیﭘﻼت ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ در ﺻﻔﺖ، ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎ در ﻫﺸﺖ ﮔﺮوه و ﺻﻔﺎت در ﺷﺶ ﮔﺮوه ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﺷﻤﺎره 17 از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ، وزن ﻫﺰارداﻧﻪ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻣﺤﺘﻮای ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ2 دارای ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑﻮد. ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﺷﻤﺎره 3 دارای ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺻﻔﺎت ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ رﺷﺪ اوﻟﯿﻪ، ﻃﻮل ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ، ﻣﯿﺰان آب ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﺑﺮگ و ﻃﻮل ﺑﺮگ ﭘﺮﭼﻢ ﺑﻮد. ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﺷﻤﺎره 27 از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ روزﻧﻪ و ﻃﻮل ﭘﺪاﻧﮑﻞ و ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﺷﻤﺎره 76 از ﻟﺤﺎظ دﻣﺎی ﮐﺎﻧﻮﭘﯽ دارای ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﺷﻤﺎره 4 دارای ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺗﻌﺪاد روز ﺗﺎ ﭼﮑﻤﻪای ﺷﺪن و ﻃﻮل ﭘﺪاﻧﮑﻞ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ ﺑﻮد. ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﺷﻤﺎره 10 از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺗﻌﺪاد روز ﺗﺎ رﺳﯿﺪن ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ در ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ داﺷﺖ ﮐﻪ از اﯾﻦ ﻟﺤﺎظ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭙﯽ دﯾﺮرس ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ و ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﺑﺎیﭘﻼت ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ در ﺻﻔﺖ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ، وزن ﻫﺰار داﻧﻪ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻣﺤﺘﻮای ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ در واﺣﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮی: ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ، ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎی ﺷﻤﺎره 13 ،72 ،17 ،75 ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎی اﻧﺘﺨﺎب، ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎی اﯾﺪهآل در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ دﯾﻢ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽﻫﺎی ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﺻﻼح ﮔﻨﺪم دوروم ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ.

evaluation of morpho-physiological diversity of durum wheat genotypes using genotype x trait biplot method

extended abstractintroduction and objective: the primary goal of the plant breeding program is to evaluate the genotypes based on different traits and select the best genotypes based on the studied traits. the aim of this study was investigation of durum wheat genotypes diversity based on agro-physiological traits and study the interrelationships between the traits using the genotype x trait (gt) biplot technique.material and methods: in this study, 86 durum wheat genotypes, including 82 breeding lines received from cimmyt along with four check genotypes were examined as an augmented design in the dryland agricultural research sub-institute (sararoud station) during 2017-18 crop season. genotypes were evaluated based on 22 different agronomic, morphological and physiological traits. analysis of variance and comparison of genotypic means were performed based on the best linear unbias prediction (blup) method and then based on the blup data, the gt biplot analysis was performed.results: based on the results, a significant difference was observed between the studied genotypes in terms of all studied traits except for canopy temperature and spike length, which indicates a significant genetic diversity between genotypes for the studied traits. based on the representation of polygon view of the gt biplot, the genotypes were divided into eight groups and the traits into six groups. genotype #17 had the highest value in terms of combination of grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, 1000-grain weight and relative chlorophyll content index (spad-reading). genotype #3 had the best combination of plant height, number of grains per spike, initial growth rate, spike length, relative leaf water content and flag-leaf length. genotype #27 had the highest values ​​in terms of canopy temperature and peduncle length and genotype #76 had the highest value in terms of canopy temperature compared to other genotypes. genotype #4 had the highest combination of traits number of days to booting and external peduncle length. genotype #10 had high values ​​in terms of number of days to physiological maturity and number of spikes per square meter, which is a late genotype in this regard. based on the results of correlation analysis and gt biplot analysis, biological yield, harvest index, 1000-kernel weight, spad-reading, number of spikes per square meter were identified as the most important traits affecting grain yield.conclusion: based on selection criteria, genotypes # 75, 17, 72, 13, were identified as ideal genotypes under rainfed condition and are recommended for further studies in durum wheat breeding program.