pathology of takhti and imam reza football stadiums in mashhad with emphasis on passive defense

Introduction: nowadays, paying attention to the significance of football stadiums as important urban facilities and applying the principles of passive defense in them are among critical areas in the field of urban management. given that, the primary goal of the present research is to investigate the pathology of football stadiums with an emphasis on passive defense. methods: the present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of the research approach. data collection was accomplished through documentary and field studies. in the documentary domain, information and data were gathered from the website of sports complexes, publications, and brochures. regarding the field domain, spatial data related to the city of mashhad were collected from the database and field studies in the form of observations and interviews with stadium officials. the target stadiums in the present study are takhti and imam reza stadiums, which were studied based on two main criteria of design and location selection based on the principles of passive defense. after specifying the indicators, arc gis software was used to perform data analysis and spatial analysis operations. findings: the research findings indicate that the most significant weaknesses of takhti stadium are the lack of access to first and secondary arterial roads, the presence of intersections and heavy traffic near the stadium, inadequate open space and parking lots, and lack of automatic fire suppression systems. the drawbacks of imam reza stadium include the absence of shelter, no access to the subway stations, no direct access to primary arterial roads, and the absence of entrance and exit passageways in the stadium. conclusion: the results indicate the fact that paying attention to the indicators and criteria of passive defense can extensively conserve and maintain sports facilities at times of crisis.