hemorrhoids: a comprehensive review of etiology, pathophysiology, risk factor and treatment option

Context: one of the most prevalent anorectal illnesses is hemorrhoids, and it has placed a formidable medical and social burden on millions worldwide.evidence acquisition: the exact etiology of hemorrhoids is still unclear, but it is related to various factors such as dietary irregularities, constipation, obesity, pregnancy, and a sedentary lifestyle. the pathophysiology of hemorrhoids consists of inappropriate dilatation and distortion with destructive changes in vascular channels that support the connective tissue of the anal cushion.results: classification is based on the region and level of usual prolapse occurrence; there are internal, external, and mixed types. the risk factors for hemorrhoids include obesity, constipation, pregnancy, and a sedentary lifestyle. the symptoms vary from rectal bleeding and pain to itching, swelling, and discomfort. regarding treatment, both non-surgical and operative care options are available, including topical and oral medications, lifestyle modifications, and herbal remedies.conclusion: a complete treatment approach should incorporate a combination of natural therapeutic options alongside allopathic drug therapies to enhance the quality of life for individuals with hemorrhoids.