Imbalance of Angiogenesis in Diabetic Complications: the Mechanisms

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex disease and a chronichealth?care problem. nowadays, because of alteration of lifestylesuch as lack of exercise, intake of high fat diet subsequentlyobesity and aging population, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus isincreasing quickly in around the world. the international diabetesfederation estimated in 2008, that 246 million adults in worldwidesuffered from diabetes mellitus and the prevalence of disease isexpected to reach to 380 million by 2025. although, mainly inmanagement of diabetes focused on hyperglycemia, however, it isdocumented that abnormalities of angiogenesis may contribute inthe pathogenesis of diabetes complications. angiogenesis is thegeneration of new blood vessels from pre?existing ones. normalangiogenesis depends on the intricate balance between angiogenicfactors (such as vegf, fgf2, tgf?b, angiopoietins) andangiostatic factors (angiostatin, endostatin, thrombospondins).vascular abnormalities in different tissues including retinaand kidney can play a role in pathogenesis of micro?vascularcomplications of diabetes; also vascular impairment contributesin macrovascular complications e.g., diabetic neuropathy andimpaired formation of coronary collaterals. therefore, identifyingof different mechanisms of the diabetic complications can give usan opportunity to prevent and/or treat the following complicationsand improves quality of life for patients and society. in this review,we studied the mechanisms of angiogenesis in micro?vascular andmacro?vascular complications of diabetes mellitus