soy protein and chronic kidney disease: an updated review

Chronic kidney disease (ckd) is a serious universal problem that is the main risk for several diseases including cardiovascular disease. dietary factors are important to prevent and control the kidney disease. some evidence has shown that modifying the amount and the types of dietary protein exert a major effect on renal failure so limiting dietary protein and substituting animal protein with soy protein has suggested. however, there is a lot of controversy about it, especially in human. thus, this paper will review the clinical trial studies conducted on the effects of soy protein intake on ckd in both animal and human and its effect mechanism.