comparison of cytotoxic effect of cigarette and waterpipe smoking onhuman buccal mucosa

Background: the evidences on cytotoxic effect of cigarette and waterpipe smoking are very rare and controversial. the aim was to compare the cytotoxic effect of cigarette and waterpipe smoking on human buccal mucosa cells. methods: the study was case–control. feulgen‑stained samples of exfoliated buccal mucosa cells were evaluated. the cytology slides of 25 cigarette smoker, 25 waterpipe smoker, and 25 individuals in the never smoked were examined. the number of pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis in 1000 cells/subject were counted. exposing to cigarette and waterpipe smoke was considered by the number of pack × years. results: there were significant differences among the groups in terms of karyolysis and pyknosis while there was no significant difference among the cigarette smokers group and waterpipe smokers group in terms of karyorrhexis (p ≤ 0. 01). the cytotoxicity effect of cigarette smoking was not significantly correlated to time exposure (r = 0.099, p = 0.637). the cytotoxicity effect of waterpipe smoking was significantly correlated to time exposure (r = −370, p = 0.044). conclusions: the cytotoxic effect of cigarette and waterpipe smoking on buccal mucosa cells was significantly higher than nonsmokers. the effect of cigarette smoking on cellular death was higher than waterpipe. the cytotoxic effect of waterpipe smoking was dose dependent.