SnO2 nanoparticles as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of 2H-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-triones

A new protocol for the synthesis of 2h-indazolo[ 2,1-b]phthalazine-trione derivatives is described via a one-pot three-component condensation reaction of phthalhydrazide, dimedone or 1,3-cyclohexanedione and aromatic aldehydes catalyzed by sno2 nanoparticles as a heterogeneous catalyst under solvent-free conditions. the sno2 nanoparticles (nps) were characterized by ft-ir, x-ray diffraction (xrd), field emission scanning electron microscopy (fe-sem) and energy dispersive x-ray analyzer (edax). the advantages of the protocol are the shorter reaction time, simple work-up procedure and reusable catalyst.