مناسبت میان اسماء الهی و آسمان‌ها در طریقت قبّالا و سنّت اسلامی

در طریقت عرفانی قبّالای یهودی، بررسی ملکوت آسمان ها، کارکرد فرشتگان گماشته در هر یک از آسمان ها و رابطه میان اسماء الهی موسوم به سفیروت و هر کدام از آسمان ها نقش مهمّی ایفاء می کند. از نظر عارفان قبالا، قلمرو تجلّی وجود، بر چهار بخش اصلی تقسیم می شود: اسماء الهی، عرش، آسمان ها و عالم ماده. عالم نخست یا عالم اّصیلوت، قلمرو ده اسم اصلی خداوند است که سه اسم نخست آن ها، به نحو خاصّ، در مرتبه عرش یا عالم بِریئا ظهور می یابند و هفت اسم دیگر در هفت آسمان برین، ضمن آن که عالم عسیّا یا جهان مادی، مجلای ظهور همه اسماء الهی است. بنابراین، شناخت آسمان ها، در گرو معرفت نظام اسماء و صفات الهی و تقدّم و تاخّر آن ها و مسبوق به شناخت فرشتگان کرام می باشد. این مقاله می کوشد، پس از معرّفی نظام اسماء یا سفیروت که آموزه کلیدی قبالاست، به بررسی مراتب آسمان ها از نظر اهل قبالا و متون کهن آن ها از جمله سفر زوهر و سفر یصیرا بپردازد و درجهت ایضاح و تکمیل مطلب، از روایات موجود در سنّت اسلامی و یافته ها و گفته های عارفان مسلمان نیز بهره گیرد.

Relationship between the Divine Names and the Heavens in the Kabbalistic Doctrine and Islamic Tradition

It can safely be said that, realizing divine names and theiracknowledgment in hierarchy of existence,forms the basis of mysticism. Turning away from this notion means putting aside mysticism as a whole.It is within this degree of conduct that the mystical seekerexceeds the level of certain states and positions and reaches the level of cognition. Likewise, the topic of the relationship between divine names and different levels of existence is one of the basic issues of Kabbalisticmysticism.This is quite similar to the topics discussed in its counterpart in Islamic mysticism.In Kabbalistic Jewish mystical way, discussions about the kingdom of heaven,the functions of each angel assigned to different tasks in every heaven and the relationship between divine names known as quot Sephirotquot and each of the heavens, play significant parts inthe issue. From the perspective of Kabbalistic mystics, the realm of emanation of existence is divided into four main sections: Names of God, the Throne, the Heavens and the world of matter.The first Kabbalistic world also known as Asilut, includes the main ten names of God, among which the first three emanate particularly at the level of throne or as it is called Beriyah, and the other seven names emanate in the seven heavens, meanwhile the world of matter or Asiyah is the place devoted to the manifestation of all divine names. As it is indicated in various parts of this study, similar issues can be traced in Islamic mystical literature. Accordingly, the present article consists of three parts: In the first part, referring to the two main Kabbalistic sources, i.e. SeferYetzirah and Sefer Zohar, the ten main names of God have been introduced without which the understanding of Kabbalah is impossible. The second part is devoted to elaborating on the level of the throne and describing its conveyers and clarifying which divine name is relevant to which of these mysterious elements. In the third part, the seven angels have been described and their corresponding divine names have been introduced.Here, we have also tried to indicate that according to Islamic texts, how various angels and the seven heavensare connected with different stars and are the manifestations of which divine names. The fourth part concerns with other levels of the heaven. Also included in this part, the comparative study of the fifteenlevel Planetariums and their residents inIslamic and Jewish mysticisms.This leads to the disclosure of the fact that which level is the emanation of which divine name.