بررسی و مقایسۀ امثال در قرآن کریم و عهد جدید

مراد از مثل در این پژوهش، خلاصه‌شدۀ داستان در قالب تشبیه است. درحقیقت مثل، نوعی استدلال در خدمت اثبات موضوعی است که عموماً ذهنی و عقلی است. مثل، ترسیم خیال است که در وهم حالت تجسد پیدا می‌کند؛ به‌گونه‌ای‌که شنونده شخصاً در معرکه حضور دارد. حوادث را از نزدیک مشاهده می‌کند. بدون تردید خداوند از پنهانی‌های روان بشری آگاه و مطلع است؛ به همین دلیل مثل‌های دینی به مراتب بهتر از دیگر امثال بیان‌کنندۀ حقایق پنهانی و غیرمادی است. مثل‌های دینی با ایجاد مشابهت و همگونی میان معانی معقول و اشیای محسوس به معانی تجسم می‌بخشند تا از رهگذر آن معانی دینی هرچه بیشتر به فهم و ادراک مخاطبان نزدیک‌تر شوند.این پژوهش از روش کتابخانه‌ای اسنادی استفاده شده و با تکیه بر روش کیفی از نوع تحلیل محتوایی استنباطی در پی آن است تا گامی هر چند اندک برای بسترسازی در زمینۀ گفتگوی ادیان بردارد؛ به همین دلیل در این پژوهش در وهلۀ نخست موضوعات امثال قرآن کریم و عهد جدید بررسی شده است؛ بدین صورت که بیشترین تعداد امثال در قرآن به مسئلۀ توحید و شرک و در عهد جدید به توصیف ملکوت خداوند اختصاص دارد و از لحاظ اقسام مثل، مثل‌های قرآنی تنوع بیشتری نسبت به مثل‌های عهد جدید دارند و به‌ترتیب در قرآن، رمزی، قیاسی، فردی، تاریخی و توصیفی‌اند؛ اما در عهد جدید به‌صورت رمزی، توصیفی، قیاسی و تاریخی‌اند. مراد قسم مثل فردی است، امثال به فردی، رمزی، قیاسی، تاریخی و ...

A Comparison of the Parables in the Holy Quran and the New Testament

Abstract The Arabic term of "Mathal" used in this study is one of the divisions of Parable. It includes everything by which a similarity between a nonsensible and a sensible meaning is created and consequently a far concept from mind becomes tangible and understandable for man, and thus a way of perceiving is opened by which the understanding of many religious and rational concepts become easy. In fact, it is like a kind of argument to serve the proof of a subject that is generally mental and rational. This research, while using the librariandocumentary method, based on the qualitative method of contentinferential analysis, has managed to take some steps towards establishing a dialogue for religions. In the form of this research, a comparative study, as in the two great books of the Holy Quran and the Gospel of Sharif. In the first place, the topics of the Holy Qur’an and the New Testament are examined. The results of the analysis of this section are as follows.In both books, the two great religions have been chosen to express the principles. And the most important topics that have been raised to guide people are the most important of them is the belief in the Holy Qur’an as monotheism and polytheism, and in the Gospel, as the kingdom of God. And other important issues are ethical issues that the Holy Quran has described as ethical vices that cause the collapse of any society, such as grudge, cruelty and abstention, and in front of the gospel, pride has been expressed in the form. Both books deal with the correct and incorrect patterns for the audience, and the difference in the presentation of the patterns is that they are typical of the Qur’an; that is, the presentation of the real and historical patterns people are familiar with and the news of their personality and their lives in previous books and Through the people of the book, he had come to the people, but in front of the Gospel, he has been portrayed; and the characters in the example are not real and true. In both books, in the form of a parable, he has blamed corrupt religious scholars and likened them to their audience in a manner that is understandable to the public. But along with all these issues, Qur’anic parables can be considered more socially. Parables like charity, hypocrisy and duality of individuals, and the presentation of the correct and incorrect model in society all signify this. But in spite of these, in other examples, he gives birth to the eternal life and that worldly life and societies should not be overbearing. In contrast to evangelical parables, most are aspects of individualism and selfindividualization. Parables such as: praying and not guilty, which put people at the heart of society and society, signify this. In this way, the greatest number of proverbs in the Qur’an is devoted to the issue of monotheism and polytheism, and in the New Testament, the description of the kingdom of God. In terms of verses like, the Qur’anic parables are more versatile than the New Testament parables. In Qur’an, it is codified, deductive, individual, historical, and descriptive, but in the New Testament, it is codified, descriptive, deductive, and historical, in the New Testament, such as the person who introduced the pattern, does not exist Finally, for the purpose of examining the length of the likes of the two books, the criteria for measuring them were considered, so that those with the length of sentences between 1 and 5 sentences are considered as short proverbs. In this assessment, the number of Quranic likes from They were shortsighted. To measure the average likelihood, 6 to 10 sentences were included in the index. The number of the Quran’s likes after the likes of the shortest time has given them the most benefit. For the purpose of measuring the long promise, the criterion has been taken from 10 sentences that have the smallest number among the Quranic verses, but against the highest number of proverbs of the New Testament. Finally, this analysis and comparison can be concluded that the Holy Quran ultimately uses this form of expression. If he has spoken in the New Testament, and in detail, his likeness. Finally, one can conclude that both books have used the form and manner of reference in their mission as a mission and observer. Numerous topics and concepts, like those of the two books, are topics that are definitely a necessity for people to live better and be happy. The beauty of this form of expression is that it is always colorful and ineffective on it, and on the other hand, because of the interesting nature of this way, these verses are much better in the minds of the people, and are comfortable in conversations and among people as witnesses Examples are used. Of course, this issue is far more tangible and practical in the Qur’anic paradigms, in order to make it smaller and shorter.