بررسی و ارزیابی تاثیر سرمایه اجتماعی بر کیفیت زندگی در مناطق روستایی مطالعه موردی: شهرستان اسلام آباد غرب

سرمایه اجتماعی از مهم‌ترین مفاهیم در حوزه علوم اجتماعی است و کاربرد آن در دیگر علوم نیز رو به افزایش است. این مفهوم ارتباط تنگاتنگی با کیفیت زندگی دارد. پژوهش حاضر به بررسی تاثیر و ارتباط سرمایه اجتماعی بر کیفیت زندگی خانوارهای روستایی می‌پردازد. برای اجرای تحقیق، با استفاده از روش توصیفی تحلیلی مبتنی بر پرسشنامه، اطلاعات گردآوری شد. جامعه آماری، سرپرستان خانوارهای روستایی شهرستان اسلام‌آباد ‌‌غرب است که با استفاده از نمونه‌‌گیری خوشه‌‌ای چندمرحله‌‌ای 392 نفر سرپرست خانوار در 49 روستا به‌شیوه تصادفی به‌عنوان حجم نمونه انتخاب شدند. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌‌ها از مدل ویکور، رگرسیون خطی و ضریب همبستگی پیرسون استفاده شد. نتایج حاصل از مدل ویکور نشان دادند که از بین 49 روستا از لحاظ شاخص‌‌های سرمایه اجتماعی، 5 روستا در سطح بسیار خوب و 1 روستا بسیار ضعیف، و از لحاظ شاخص‌‌های کیفیت زندگی، 18 روستا در سطح بسیار خوب و 2 روستا در سطح بسیار ضعیف قرار داشتند. از لحاظ تاثیر مولفه‌‌های سرمایه اجتماعی بر کیفیت زندگی، مولفه مشارکت اجتماعی با 0/778 بیشترین تاثیر را بر کیفیت زندگی دارد و بین سرمایه اجتماعی و کیفیت زندگی نیز رابطه مثبت و معنادار وجود دارد. از راهکارهای پیشنهادی برای بهبود کیفیت زندگی روستاهایی که در سطح متوسط به پایین قرار داشتند این است که با تقویت شاخص‌‌های سرمایه اجتماعی به‌همت مسئولان و آگاه‌‌سازی مردم و مشارکت‌دادن آنها در امور، کیفیت زندگی در این روستاها به وضع مطلوب تغییر کند.

Studying and evaluating effects of social capital on life quality in rural areasCase study: Case study: west Eslamabad County

Introduction: the concept of social capital is multidisciplinary, that it has been focused on most branches of the humanities over the past two decades, and it includes concepts like trust, solidarity and cooperation which focuses on communication between humans. Especially this concept has a very fine relationship with life quality that it can be a gate to the concept of social capital in rural planning. Therefore, the purpose of development in local, national and international levels has improved and it has caused life to become qualified, moreover the future of humans life will be dependent to better structures with having an effective quality. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to survey the effects of social capital on life quality in rural areas of Eslamabade Gharb County. Methodology: the presented research is descriptiveanalytical. The strategy of gathering information is required to take notes and survey by using questionnaires tools. The reliability for various indexes was 0.64 to 0.85 by using Cronbach’s alpha. The formal content validity was approved by the expertise opinions. The population of presented survey is the heads of rural households in Eslamabade Gharb County by using multistage cluster sampling with 392 persons in 49 villages were studied as sample size by random strategy. For analyzing the obtained data of questionnaire in descriptive statistics of median in SPSS software, the standard deviation and median deviation were used. Also in part of perceptive findings of survey the Shannon entropy model for weighting, Vikor model for ranking the social capital and life quality in EXCEL and Regression testing along with Pearson correlation coefficient in SPSS were used.Findings: descriptive findings of the survey shows that most of the respondents with 93.1 percent were men. From 4 considered age range, age group of 4050 with 42.6 percent had the most frequency. 55.9 percent of the respondents were the head of 52 family members. Regarding to components of social capital, the average of social trust components 3.29, social cohesion and correlation 3.40 and social contribution was 3.52. In connection with life quality components, the average of material welfare component 3.93, individual and social security 3.57, access and communications 3.72 and training index was 3.48. Based on the Vikor model perceptive findings of the survey (the more closer to zero, shows the development and the more closer to one shows the lack of development) villages are in 5 levels of very good, good, fair, bad and very bad, and this shows the levels of social capital in 49 villages. From the family header’s point of view, one village is in the bad and very bad level, 30 villages in fair, 12 villages in good and 5 villages are in very good level.  In terms of life quality indexes 2 of the villages are in very bad, 15 of them in bad, 4 of them in fair, 10 of them in good and at the end 18 of them are in very good level. In terms of effects of social capital on life quality the Linear Regression model showed that variables of social cooperation (0.778) had the most effects on life quality and cohesion and correlation’s components (0.711), social trust (0.084) had less effects and they were put in next degrees. Findings of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that, there is a significant relationship between social capital and life quality with correlation coefficient (0.748) 0.001.Discussion and conclusion: after the done analysis, results of this survey presents this issue that out of 49 villages and based on 392 opinions of rural head families of Eslamabade Gharb, in social capital indexes the index of social cooperation had the most median, and social trust had the less median. Out of quadratic life quality, communication index and access have the most median, and material welfare has the less median. Considering the perceptions of Vikor model we can conclude that, from social capital terms and life quality and considering their final median (social capital 0.40 and life quality 0.39) are in good level. Findings of Linear Regression presents that from social capital components, cooperation components have the most effect on life qualities of villagers, and also Pearson correlation coefficient show that there is a relationship between social capital. At the end, we can say that social capital is a good predictor for explaining and surveying levels of life quality in rural areas. In final, for desirability of improving the life quality of villagers, suggestions including diversification in economical activities in rural families, increasing the knowledge and training them by presenting training courses from rural authorities, creating local and small industry according to talents of each village, upgrading levels of training health services and…considering the problems of access to sub structural facilities were presented in the area.