نگاهی فقهی به حقّ عینی برندگان جوایز بانکی ناشی از قرعه کشی

امروزه یکی از مسائل مهمّ در بانک ها، حقّ عینی برندگان در قرعه کشی است که در خصوص آن میان فقها دو قول کفایت و عدم کفایت قرعه در لزوم حقّ تملّک وجود دارد. قول مشهور در این مساله درصدد اثبات و تایید این امر است که قرعه، اماره و کاشفیّت هرچند ناقص در آن موجود است. با این توضیح که قرعه کشی بانک از مصادیق قاعده ملک ان یملک می باشد. اما آن چه در این تحقیق مورد توجه قرار گرفته این است که آیا صِرف قرعه کشی بانک ها منجرّ به مالکیّت می شود یا عوامل دیگری در اسباب مالکیّت شرط است؟ ثمره نزاع در زمان مالکیّت و در نتیجه مالکیّت منافع ، نماء و ارزش افزوده خواهد بود. این پژوهش بر اساس روش تحلیلی توصیفی به این مساله پرداخته و به نظر میرسد پس از تبیین و نقد و بررسی آراء فقها، قرعه تنها به عنوان تعیین و یک سبب شرعی است که به واسطه آن حقّ عینی بالقوّه برای فرد برنده به وجود میآید؛ بنابراین مالکیّت و آثار حقوقی آن بعد از تحویل جایزه و انتقال رسمی، بالفعل محقّق می شود.

a jurisprudential look the right of ownership of bank rewards arising of lottery

throughout history, women have endured many forms of male oppression. the historical oppression of women led to the emergence of a great movement called feminism in support of women’s rights from the eighteenth century onwards, which promoted equal rights for men and women. islam, on the other hand, considers legal equality between men and women to be unjust, despite very physical and psychological differences. gender justice in the field of criminal law means that the conditions of the offender, the victim, the crime and its effects are examined for each class and case and the appropriate punishment for the conditions of the offender is considered. based on verses and hadiths, it seems that in order to achieve gender justice, the holy shari’a has considered three important characteristics of women, namely centrality in the family, the need to observe hijab and physical and mental gentleness in determining the type and method of punishment that has brought a system of massive discounts for women in criminal law. naturally, it is conceivable to observe the interests of the offender and his family in the punishment of individual crimes, because considering social interests takes precedence over individual and family interests. in this article, after explaining and separating individual and social crimes, by considering and systematizing the fatwas of jurists based on the prescribed interests, the islamic protection system for delinquent women in the field of individual crimes has been examined in the form of a jurisprudential rule. the establishment of this rule can be effective in cases of silence of the legislature, especially penalties and due process.