مروری بر استفاده از بزاق برای تشخیص کووید19

سابقه و هدف: تاخیر در تشخیص sars-cov-2، مانع بزرگی در مهار اپیدمی فعلی کویید 19 میباشد. آزمایشات گسترده، عملی ترین راه برای خروج از بحران کنونی است. استاندارد طلایی فعلی برای تشخیص covid-19، واکنش زنجیره ای پلیمراز رونویسی معکوس( rt-pcr) با استفاده از سواب نازوفارنکس است. با این حال، جمع آوری سواب های نازوفارنکس به دلیل تهاجمی بودن، باعث ناراحتی بیماران و محدودیت انجام آزمایشهای مجدد می شود و این روش خطرات قابل توجهی را برای کارکنان مراقبت های بهداشتی به همراه دارد. بنابراین، ایجاد روشهای سریع و راحت برای تشخیص covid-19 ظرفیت آزمایشات را تا حد زیادی افزایش می دهد. از طرفی، بزاق یک کاندید امیدوار کننده برای تشخیص sars-cov-2 است. هدف از این مرور، ارائه یک به روز رسانی و بررسی آخرین تحقیقات انجام شده و مقایسه روش ها و تکنیک های مختلف توسعه یافته برای تشخیص covid-19 به وسیله بزاق است. مواد و روش‌ها: در این مقاله مروری، جمع آوری اطلاعات از طریق جستجوی مقالات موجود در ژورنال های داخلی و خارجی، با استفاده از پایگاه های اطلاعاتی چون: pubmed،pubmed central ،medline ،ebsco ، google scholar و embase با واژه هایsaliva ،covid_19 ،covid_19 test ،salivary test  در فاصله بین سالهای 2019 تا 2021 صورت گرفت. در بین مراجع مرتبط، تعداد47  مقاله معتبر که بارها مورد استناد قرار گرفته بودند و به روزتر بودند، انتخاب گردیدند. نتیجه‌گیری: به نظر می رسد بزاق یک منبع جایگزین قابل قبول برای تشخیص sars-cov-2 است. همچنین، افزایش تقاضا  برای بسترهای تشخیصی جدید کویید19، با نمونه های غیرتهاجمی و جمع آوری توسط خود فرد، می تواند پس از ایجاد یک برنامه استراتژیک، به خوبی طراحی شده و اجرا شود.

saliva as a diagnostic tool in covid 19 detection, a review

background and aim: delayed detection of sars-cov-2 has been a major hindrance in curbing the current covid-19 pandemic. wide spread testing is the most practical way out of the current crisis. the current gold standard for covid-19 diagnosis is real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) detection of sars-cov-2 from nasopharyngeal swabs. however, collecting nasopharyngeal swabs causes discomfort to patients due to the procedure’s invasiveness, limiting compliance for repeat testing, and the procedure presents a considerable risk to healthcare workers. therefore, developing rapid and convenient ways of testing for covid-19 will greatly enhance the capacity of testing. alternatively, saliva is a promising candidate for sars-cov-2 diagnostics. the purpose of this review is to provide an update and review of the composition of the latest research and to compare the various methods and techniques developed for the diagnosis of covid-19 by saliva.material and methods: in this review article, data were collected by searching articles which were published between year 2019 and 2021 in domestic and foreign journals, using databases such as: pubmed, pubmed central, medline, ebsco, google scholar and embase with keywords: saliva, covid_19, covid_19 test, salivary test. among the relevant authorities, the articles that were cited many times and were more up to date, were selected.conclusion: that saliva is an acceptable alternative source for detecting sars-cov-2.  it imposes the development ofnew strategies for covid-19 diagnosis; however, despite the colossal demand for novel diagnostic platforms with non-invasive and self-collection samples of covid-19, the accuracy of salivary sars-cov-2 platforms are still not well- elucidated. key words: saliva, covid_19, covid_19 test, salivary test background and aim: delayed detection of sars-cov-2 has been a major hindrance in curbing the current covid-19 pandemic. wide spread testing is the most practical way out of the current crisis. the current gold standard for covid-19 diagnosis is real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) detection of sars-cov-2 from nasopharyngeal swabs. however, collecting nasopharyngeal swabs causes discomfort to patients due to the procedure’s invasiveness, limiting compliance for repeat testing, and the procedure presents a considerable risk to healthcare workers. therefore, developing rapid and convenient ways of testing for covid-19 will greatly enhance the capacity of testing. alternatively, saliva is a promising candidate for sars-cov-2 diagnostics. the purpose of this review is to provide an update and review of the composition of the latest research and to compare the various methods and techniques developed for the diagnosis of covid-19 by saliva.material and methods: in this review article, data were collected by searching articles which were published between year 2019 and 2021 in domestic and foreign journals, using databases such as: pubmed, pubmed central, medline, ebsco, google scholar and embase with keywords: saliva, covid_19, covid_19 test, salivary test. among the relevant authorities, the articles that were cited many times and were more up to date, were selected.conclusion: that saliva is an acceptable alternative source for detecting sars-cov-2.  it imposes the development ofnew strategies for covid-19 diagnosis; however, despite the colossal demand for novel diagnostic platforms with non-invasive and self-collection samples of covid-19, the accuracy of salivary sars-cov-2 platforms are still not well- elucidated.