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   ارزیابی تاثیر تاریخ کاشت بر کارآیی مصرف نور و عملکرد ارقام نخود (cicer arietinum l.) تحت شرایط اقلیمی منطقه کرمانشاه  
   
نویسنده حاجی شعبانی هانیه ,مندنی فرزاد ,باقری علیرضا
منبع پژوهش هاي حبوبات ايران - 1400 - دوره : 12 - شماره : 1 - صفحه:12 -25
چکیده    به منظور بررسی تاثیر تاریخ کاشت بر کارآیی جذب و مصرف نور ارقام نخود آزمایشی به صورت کرت های خُردشده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 96-1395 در شرایط آب و هوایی کرمانشاه اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل سه تاریخ کاشت (10 اسفند، 20 اسفند و 17 فروردین) به عنوان عامل اصلی و چهار رقم نخود (بیونیج، عادل، آرمان و ilc482) به عنوان عامل فرعی بود. نتایج نشان داد تاخیر در کاشت باعث کاهش عملکرد دانه (45 درصد) و عملکرد ماده خشک کل (33.5 درصد) شد. رقم بیونیج نسبت به سایر ارقام از عملکرد بیشتری (35درصد) برخوردار بود. بیشترین شاخص سطح برگ (3.8) مربوط به رقم آرمان در تاریخ کاشت 10 اسفند و کمترین آن (1.9) مربوط به رقم ilc482 در تاریخ کاشت 17 فروردین بود. روند جذب نور تابع شاخص سطح برگ بود و با تاخیر در کاشت حدود 1.6 درصد کاهش یافت. کارآیی مصرف نور از 1.6 برای رقم عادل در تاریخ 10 اسفند تا 0.7 گرم بر مگاژول برای رقم آرمان در تاریخ 17 فروردین متغیر بود. تاخیر در کاشت کارآیی مصرف نور را حدود 22 درصد کاهش داد، اگرچه این کاهش در ارقام مختلف متفاوت بود. به طورکلی نتایج نشان داد تاخیر در تاریخ کاشت، منجر به کاهش کارآیی مصرف نور و عملکرد دانه گردید. با این وجود در کشت دیرهنگام انتخاب ارقام مناسب توانست تا حدودی افت عملکرد ناشی از برخورد گیاه با شرایط محیطی نامناسب، به ویژه خشکی انتهای دوره رشد را کاهش دهد.
کلیدواژه جذب نور، شاخص سطح برگ، کارآیی مصرف نور، عملکرد دانه
آدرس دانشگاه رازی, گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی, ایران, دانشگاه رازی, گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی, ایران, دانشگاه رازی, گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی, ایران
پست الکترونیکی a.bagheri@razi.ac.ir
 
   Evaluation of morphological and physiological traits of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Kermanshah region climate condition  
   
Authors Hajishabani Hanieh ,Mondani Farzad ,Bagheri Alireza
Abstract    IntroductionIn recent decades, agricultural production systems have already explored many methods to increase the crops yield. Most of these methods involved increasing the efficiency of resources utilization such as nutrients, solar radiation, and atmospheric CO2. Crop growth and yield are considered as a function of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) that is intercepted by plant as well its utilization efficiency to produce dry matter. Net primary production has often been found to be linearly related to the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intercepted by crops. The slope of this relationship is light use efficiency (LUE). Several authors have found close correlation between crop growth and yield with the radiation absorption and the LUE. Although, it was previously believed that the LUE is constant during the crop growing season and it is controlled more genetically, but environmental factors and management practices such as change in the sowing date, plant density, cultivars, climate, soil fertility, especially soil available nitrogen due to its specific role in photosynthesis, affect greatly the LUE. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to evaluate light absorption and use efficiency in different sowing date for chickpea cultivars in Kermanshah regionlight absorption and use efficiency in different sowing date for chickpea cultivars in Kermanshah region climatic. Material and MethodsA split plot experiment was conducted based on Randomized Complete Block Design during 20162017 at the research farm of the faculty of agriculture and natural resources of Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran (34°, 19´ N, 47°, 50´ E and altitude 1317 m). The average annual rainfall was 455 mm, and the longterm average of maximum and minimum air temperature was 22.6 and 5.9°C, respectively. Main plots had three sowing dates (February 29, Match 10 and April 6) and sub plots were composed of chickpea cultivars (Bivanij, Adel, Arman and ILC482). The measured indexes were leaf area index (LAI), radiation absorption, total dry matter (TDM), light use efficiency (LUE) and grain yield of chickpea. The LUE was calculated based on g MJ1 through the slope of linear regression between total dry matter accumulation (g m2) and cumulative absorbed photosynthetically active radiation. Chickpea grain yield was measured at the physiological maturity stage. Results and DiscussionThe results showed that the maximum LAI of different chickpea cultivars decreased with the delay in sowing date. The greatest LAI (3.8) was related to Arman cultivar with the sowing date of March 1 and the lowest LAI (1.9) was related to ILC482 cultivar with the sowing date of April 6. The light absorption had the similar LAI trend that with the delay in sowing date decreased about 51%. The highest (15.9 MJ m2) and the lowest (13.4 MJ m2) light absorption were observed for Arman cultivar with the sowing date of March 1 and ILC482 cultivar with the sowing date of April 6, respectively. Combined analysis of variance of the results indicated that the effects of sowing date and cultivars were significant on TDM and grain yield, but the interactions of sowing date and cultivars were not significant for TDM and grain yield. The results indicated that the delay in sowing date led to reduce in the grain yield (45%) and TDM (33.5%). The highest (158 g m2) and the lowest (102 g m2) grain yield were related to Bivanij and Arman cultivars, respectively. The grain yield of Bivanij cultivar was higher (35%) compared to other cultivars. The highest LUE (1.6 g MJ1) was observed for Adel cultivar with the sowing date of March 1 and the lowest LUE (0.7 g MJ1) was related to Arman cultivar with the sowing date of April 6. Late sowing dates of March 11 and April 6 reduced LUE compared to early sowing date of February 29 about 4.2% and 2.7% in Bivanij cultivar, 9.4% and 27.3% in Adel cultivar, 43.4% and 40.3% in Arman cultivar and 19.1% and 16.8% in ILC482 cultivar, respectively. ConclusionIn general, the results of this study show that the delay in sowing date, which is unavoidable under some climatic conditions by the farmer, lead to reduce in measured traits such as grain yield and LUE of chickpea. However, it seems that late sowing could help with the selection of suitable chickpea cultivars that could offset the yield loss due to unsuitable environmental condition such as drought stress by end of the growing season.
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