ارزیابی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد لوبیاسبز و فلفل دلمه ای تحت نظام های کشت مخلوط جایگزینی و افزایشی

به منظور بررسی تاثیر آرایش های کشت مخلوط جایگزینی و افزایشی لوبیاسبز با فلفل دلمه ای بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد این دو گونه، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1395-1394 در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با شش تیمار و سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل آرایش های جایگزینی 25 درصد لوبیاسبز+75 درصد فلفل دلمه ای و 50 درصد لوبیاسبز+50 درصد فلفل دلمه ای، آرایش های افزایشی 20 درصد لوبیاسبز+100 درصد فلفل دلمه ای و 40 درصد لوبیاسبز+100 درصد فلفل دلمه ای و کشت خالص هر دو گونه بود. نتایج نشان داد که بالاترین عملکرد نیام سبز و وزن خشک بوته لوبیاسبز برای کشت خالص به ترتیب معادل 57921.7 و 1051.03 کیلوگرم در هکتار و کمترین مقادیر در آرایش کشت مخلوط افزایشی 20 درصد لوبیاسبز+100درصد فلفل دلمه ای به ترتیب معادل 11252.5 و 525.8 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. همچنین، بالاترین عملکرد میوه فلفل دلمه ای در کشت خالص و بالاترین وزن خشک بوته فلفل دلمه ای برای آرایش کشت مخلوط جایگزینی 75درصد فلفل دلمه ای+25 درصد لوبیاسبز به ترتیب معادل 32766.7 و 7816.6 کیلوگرم در هکتار و کمترین عملکرد میوه فلفل دلمه ای در آرایش های کشت مخلوط جایگزینی 50 درصد فلفل دلمه ای+50 درصد لوبیاسبز و افزایشی 100درصد فلفل دلمه ای+20 درصد لوبیاسبز به ترتیب با 21183.3 و 21886 کیلوگرم در هکتار و کمترین وزن خشک بوته فلفل دلمه ای برای آرایش کشت مخلوط جایگزینی 50 درصد فلفل دلمه ای+50 درصد لوبیاسبز با 3533.3 کیلوگرم در هکتار مشاهده گردید. در نهایت بیشترین مقدار نسبت برابری زمین کلی (به ترتیب 1.28 و 1.25) از آرایش های کشت مخلوط افزایشی 40 درصد لوبیاسبز+100 درصد فلفل دلمه ای و جایگزینی 50 درصد لوبیاسبز+50 درصد فلفل دلمه ای به دست آمد. بدین منظور می توان از گیاهان خانواده بقولات در جهت افزایش حاصلخیزی خاک و عملکرد محصولات کشاورزی به خصوص سبزیجات و صیفی جات بهره برد.

Evaluation of yield and yield components of green bean and bell pepper under replacement and additive intercropping systems

IntroductionThe use of intercropping as an effective component in sustainable agriculture, while increasing the ecological and economic diversity, cause increasing yield per unit area, yield stability under adverse environmental conditions, increasing the quantity and quality of the product, increasing water use efficiency, control of soil erosion, reducing pesticides use and increasing stability in agroecosystems. Plants from the family of legumes are among the plants that have a special place in intercropping because of their nitrogen fixation ability. Usefulness of intercropping cultivation of sweet corn and green bean has been reported to be better than monoculture. This study was designed and conducted with the aim of studying the effect of replacement and additive intercropping green bean with bell pepper on yield, yield components and land equivalent ratio in Mashhad weather conditions. Materials and MethodsThe experiment was conducted in 20152016 growing season based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Agriculture Faculty, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Experimental treatments were 25% green bean+75% bell pepper, 50% green bean+50% bell pepper in replacement intercropping, 20% green bean+100% bell pepper and 40% green bean+100% bell pepper in additive intercropping and monoculture of green bean and bell pepper. Green beans have planted by seed and bell pepper transplants were sown at the same time in June 2016 in rows with a distance of 50 cm. In 4leaf stage, green bean was thinned with an optimum density of 20 plants per square meter. In addition, the spacing on the row was considered 30 cm for transplants of bell pepper; in this case, its optimum density was 6.66 plant per square meter. At harvest time, green pod yield for green bean, fruit yield for bell pepper, other yield components and plant dry weight for two plants were measured, and land equivalent ratios were also calculated. Results and DiscussionThe highest green pod yield and plant dry weight for green bean with 57921.7 and 1051.03 kg ha1, respectively, was observed in monoculture and the lowest values for 20% green bean+100% bell pepper with 11252.5 and 525.8 kg per ha, respectively. With the increase in the presence of green bean in replacement and additive intercropping, the green pod yield of green bean increased due to increasing of biological nitrogen fixation. For bell pepper, the highest fruit yield with 32766.7 kg ha1 was observed in monoculture and the highest plant dry weight with 7816.6 kg ha1 was observed for 75% bell pepper+25% green bean and the lowest fruit yield was obtained for 50% bell pepper+50% green bean and 100% bell pepper+20% green bean with 21183.3 and 21886 kg ha1, respectively, and the lowest plant dry weight was obtained for 50% bell pepper+50% green bean with 3533.33 kg ha1. Due to the fact that the highest number of fruits per plant was observed in monoculture of bell pepper, therefore, monoculture has higher fruit yield because it has more space for plants. The highest value of total land equivalent ratio (1.28 and 1.25) was obtained in ratios of 40% green bean+100% bell pepper and 50% green bean+50% bell pepper, respectively, indicating 28 and 25% yield advantage of intercropping compared to pure stands of species of these two plants. The lowest value of total land equivalent ratio (0.86) was observed in ratio of 20% green bean+100% bell pepper. ConclusionComparison of different patterns of replacement and additive intercropping showed that cultivation pattern of 25% green bean+75% bell pepper was superior for most of the traits evaluated in green bean and bell pepper compared to other patterns. Additive intercropping pattern of 40% green bean+100% bell pepper had the highest total land equivalent ratio (1.28) which indicate the beneficial effect of mixed cropping pattern over pure cropping. Since green bean through biological nitrogen fixation, leads to reduction in the use of chemical fertilizers, intercropping of this plant with other plants such as bell pepper can increase the resources efficiency and improve yield quantity for bell pepper.