اثر تلقیح با باکتری‌های محرک رشد، مایکوریزا و مقادیر فسفر بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ماش (Vigna Radiata L.)

ﺑﻪ‌ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ باکتری‌های محرک رشد، مایکوریزا و مقادیر مختلف فسفر کودی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ماش (vigna radiata l.)، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان در دو سال زراعی 95-1396 و 96-1397 انجام شد. فاکتور‌های آزمایش شامل کود فسفره در سه سطح (عدم مصرف، 150‌کیلو‌گرم و 225‌کیلو‌گرم در هکتار) و ترکیب‌های مختلف باکتری‌های محرک رشد و قارچ مایکوریزا در هشت سطح (شاهد، باکتری آزوسپیریلوم لیپوفرم، باکتری سودوموناس فلورسنس، قارچ گلوموس موسه آ، ترکیب آزوسپریلیوم و سودوموناس، آزوسپریلیوم و قارچ، سودوموناس و قارچ و ترکیب هر سه فاکتور) بودند. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﻣﺮﮐﺐ در ﻣﻮرد اﺛﺮ سال، کود فسفر و کود زیستی نشان‌دهندة تاثیر معنی‌دار روی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد، ارتفاع گیاه، طول غلاف و پروتئین دانه بود. نتایج مقایسه میانگین داده‌ها در سال اول نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد دانه (226‌گرم در مترمربع) در تیمار تلقیح با باکتری آزوسپیریلوم و قارچ مایکوریزا در سطح مصرف 225‌کیلوگرم در هکتار کود شیمیایی فسفر به‌دست آمد که نسبت به شاهد 29.6‌درصد افزایش داشت. در سال دوم آزمایش نیز بیشترین عملکرد دانه (216‌گرم در مترمربع) با افزایش38.7‌درصد نسبت به شاهد در تیمار تلقیح با باکتری آزوسپیریلوم و سودوموناس و قارچ مایکوریزا در سطح مصرف 225‌کیلوگرم در هکتار کود شیمیایی فسفر به‌دست آمد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین وزن1000دانه (52.91‌گرم) و بیشترین تعداد دانه (8.52عدد در غلاف) در تیمار 225‌کیلوگرم در هکتار کود شیمیایی فسفر به‌دست آمد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﮐﻠﯽ اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن‌دﻫﻨﺪة مفید‌بودن باکتری آزوسپیریلوم و قارچ مایکوریزا در زراﻋﺖ ﻣﺎش جهت کاهش استفاده از کود شیمیایی فسفر است.

The effect of inoculation with Growth Promoting Bacteria, Mycorrhiza and Phosphorus on yield and yield components of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)

IntroductionMungbean (Vigna radiata L.) is an important legume crop. It is a great source of proteins, vitamins and minerals. The seed contains 24% protein content, 1.30% fat and 60.4% carbohydrates، calcium is 118 and phosphorus is 340 mg per 100 g of seed. Its capacity to restore soil fertility through nitrogen fixation makes it a valuable crop. Phosphorus is considered to be the most limiting element after nitrogen for the plant. However, a large amount of phosphorus in chemical fertilizers occurs after entering the insoluble soil. Converting soil insoluble phosphates to a form available for plants is a necessary goal to achieve sustainable agricultural production. Biofertilizers, are considered as a new technology to increasing nutrients in the soil and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers. Biofertilizers keep the soil environment rich in all kinds of micro and macro nutrients, via nitrogen fixation, phosphate and potassium solubilisation or mineralization, release of plant growth regulating substances, production of antibiotics and biodegradation of organic matter in the soil. The main objective of this study was to evaluate biofertilizers inoculation. Materials MethodsTo study the effect of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria, Mycorrhizal fungi and different levels of fertilizer phosphorus on the yield and yield components mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) a field experiment was carried out as a factorial based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at research field of the Faculty of Agriculture of Gorgoan University in 2016 and 2017. The treatments of this research consisted of three levels of phosphorus (Control, 150 Kg.h1 and 225 Kg.h1) and eight levels of Growth Promoting Bacteria and Mycorrhizal fungi (Control, Azospirillum lipoferum, Pseudomonas fluoresens, Glomus mosseae, Azospirillum and Pseudomonas, Azospirillum and Glomus mosseae, Pseudomonas and Glomus mosseae, and Azospirillum lipoferum, Pseudomonas fluoresens, Glomus mosseae). In this experiment, Rhizobium bacteria (R. leguminosarum) was used in all plots. Grain inoculation was done in shadow and after drying, inoculated grains were immediately cultivated. Mycorrhizal fungi was applied under the grain hole just prior to sowing. Chemical fertilizers were applied at a rate of 50 and 100 Kg.h1 in N and K respectively. At harvest, random samples of 10 plants for each experimental unit were taken and plant height, pod length, number of pods per plant, number of seed per pod, 1000 seed weight, biological yield, seed yield and harvest index were recorded. Data were subjected to analysis of variance procedure using the SAS statistical software and for comparing the mean effects of interactions with Slicing method, in order to compare the mean of simple effects, the least significant difference test method (LSD) was used at 5% probability level. Results DiscussionThe results of experiment revealed that the effect of year, phosphorus fertilizer and biological fertilizer showed a significant effect on yield and yield components, plant height, pod length and protein content. The results also showed that the interaction of biofertilizer and phosphorus on plant height, biological yield and harvest index were significant. The results of the comparison of the mean of data in the first year showed that the highest grain yield (226 g.m2) was obtained in inoculum treatment with Azospirilum and Mycorrhiza fungi at a consumption level of 225 Kg.h1 phosphorus fertilizer, Which increased by 29.6% compared to the control. In the second year of experiment, the highest grain yield (216 g.m2) was obtained with 38.7% increase in comparison with control in inoculation with Azospirilum, Pseudomonas and Mycorrhiza fungi at 225 Kg.h1 phosphorus fertilizer level. The results of the comparison of the mean of the data in the first year showed that the highest number of pods per plant, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index and seed protein were related to Azospirillum and Glomus mosseae inoculation, and in the second year they were treated with Azospirillum lipoferum, Pseudomonas fluoresens, Glomus mosseae. Also The results of the comparison of the mean of the data showed that the highest 1000seed weight (52.9 g), number of seeds per pod (8.5 Number in pods) in 225 Kg.h1 treatment of phosphorus fertilizer.ConclusionBiofertilizer are beneficial bacteria and fungus that colonize plant roots and enhance plant growth by a wide variety of mechanisms. The use of biofertilizer is steadily increasing in agriculture and offers a new way to replace chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and supplements. According to these results, it can be concluded that the best treatment for mung bean cultivation and reducing the use of phosphorus fertilizer is the use of Azospirilum and Mycorrhizal fungus. Application Azospirilum and Mycorrhizal fungus in this study caused to increase the seed yield and protein content of seed.