پاسخ عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد شش ژنوتیپ لوبیاچیتی (phaseolus vulgaris l.) به مایه زنی با ریزوبیوم

کاربرد کودهای زیستی در جهت بهینه سازی مصرف کودهای شیمیایی، مدیریت عناصر غذایی خاک و تولید پایدار محصولات در نظام های زراعی، اهمیت ویژه ای دارد. در این راستا آزمایشی با هدف بررسی اثر ریزوبیوم بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ژنوتیپ‌های لوبیاچیتی، به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی1396 در منطقه بیران شهر لرستان اجرا شد. عوامل شامل مایه زنی با باکتری همزیست لوبیا (rhizobium phaseoli rb133) در دو سطح (مایه زنی و عدم مایه زنی) و ژنوتیپ های لوبیاچیتی شامل (غفار، صدری، تلاش، لاینcos16، محلی خمین و کوشا) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر ریزوبیوم و ژنوتیپ، تعداد دانه در غلاف را و برهمکنش ریزوبیوم و ژنوتیپ، تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در بوته، وزن100دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد زیست توده و شاخص برداشت ژنوتیپ های لوبیاچیتی را به طور معنی داری افزایش داد. مایه زنی با ریزوبیوم عملکرد دانه ژنوتیپ های غفار، صدری، تلاش، لاینcos16، محلی‌خمین و کوشا را به‌ترتیب 13.7، 37.2، 23.0، 20.9، 55.3 و 31.4 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش داد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه در تیمار اثر توام مایه زنی با ریزوبیوم در رقم صدری (3485‌کیلوگرم در هکتار) به دست آمد. این تیمار نسبت به تیمار توام مایه زنی در رقم غفار، تلاش، لاینcos16، محلی خمین و کوشا به‌ترتیب 87.4، 14.6، 21.6، 27.8 و 22.7 درصد برتری داشت. یافته ها نشان داد که مایه زنی با ریزوبیوم، دارای اثر افزایشی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ژنوتیپ های لوبیاچیتی است و می توان در جهت تولید پایدار این محصول، عملکرد دانه را تا حد مطلوبی افزایش داد.

Response of yield and yield components of six genotypes of Pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) inoculation with Rhizobium phaseoli

Introduction;Increasing the production of crops to meet the food needs of a growing population of the world is a great necessity. Intensive farming is an agricultural system that uses more than necessary and unbalanced inputs (fertilizers and pesticides), causing major of pressure on the environment. Today, in conventional farming systems, due to the limited amount of agricultural land, as well as the growing need for crops produced in indigenous agriculture, they have led to unbalanced consumption without the management of chemical fertilizers in the production of these products. The use of chemical fertilizer: nitrogen (N), phosphate (P2O5), potassium (K2O) in 2014year ad around the world to 85.5, 32.2 and 20.4 (Kg of nutrients per ha) respectively. In comparison with year 2000 (Within 14 years), 64.9, 25.9 and 18.2 (Kg of nutrients per ha) respectively: 31.7, 28.1 and 12 percent it has increased. This undesirable agricultural management can change species composition or reduce biodiversity in farmland, and thus affect their natural capabilities in terms of crop production. On the other hand, increasing the health and security of food products produced in agricultural systems to maintain the dynamism of soil and water resources in these canopy systems is important on the basis of ecological principles. On the other hand, unbalanced consumption without management of chemical inputs has led to instability in agricultural ecosystems and the irreparable economic and environmental consequences of their consumption in agriculture are known throughout the world.; ;Materials Methods;An experiment was conducted as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications during growing season of 2017 at the experimental field of Beiranshahr city of Khorramabad in Lorestan Province, Iran (42° 79 apos; E, 36° 70 apos; N and 1669m above the sea level). To determine the physical and chemical properties of soil samples were collected from 030 cm depth of soil. During the experiment effects of two factors were studied: 1. Inoculation with Rhizobium bacteria Rb (Rhizobium Phaseoli Rb133) in tow levels (Rb1= inoculation, Rb2= noninoculation), and 2. different genotypes of pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in six levels (C1: Gafar, C2: Sadri, C3: Talash, C4: cos16 line, C5: Khomein Landrace and C6: Kosha genotypes). The seeds were inoculated with Rhizobium phaseoli Rb133 before culturing. Traits such as: number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, number of seeds per plant, 100 seed weight, seed yield, biological yield and harvest index were measured.; ;Results Discussion;The results showed the effect of rhizobium and genotype, number of seeds per pod, as well as the effect of two interactions rhizobium and genotype, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, 100 seed weight, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index of pinto bean genotypes significantly increased. The effect of rhizobium and genotype had significant effects on number of seeds per pod (p≤0.01); effect of rhizobium and genotypeon number of pod per plant (p≤0.05), number of seed per plant (p≤0.01), 100 seed weight (p≤0.01), grain yield (p≤0.01), biological yield and harvest index (p≤0.01) had significant effects on pinto bean genotypes. Inoculation with Rhizobium seed yields of Ghafar, Sadri, Talash, Cos16 line, Khomein and Kosha 13.7, 37.2, 23, 20.9, 55.3 and 31.4 % increased, respectively. The highest grain yield (3485 Kg. ha1) was obtained in the interaction between rhizobium and Sadri genotype.; ;Conclusion;Generally, results showed that the yield and yield components of pinto bean genotypes were influenced by Rhizobium bacteria (Rhizobium phaseoli Rb133) inoculation. The inoculation of seeds with rhizobium bacteria, coexistence of beans along with the nutritional elements during growth stages of Pinto bean genotypes, could improve growth indices, increase yield and yield components. Inoculation with rhizobium has an increased effect on yield and yield components of pinto bean genotypes and can increase the grain yield to a favorable level in order to produce a stable product.