واکنش رشد رویشی و زایشی گوار (cyamopsis tetragonoloba l.) به کاربرد هیومیک اسید در آب آبیاری تحت تاثیر تراکم های مختلف کاشت

به منظور بررسی رشد رویشی و زایشی گوار یا لوبیای خوشه ای در واکنش به کاربرد هیومیک اسید در تراکم های مختلف کاشت، آزمایشی به صورت کرت های خُردشده در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع‌طبیعی خوزستان در تابستان1395 اجرا شد. عوامل آزمایشی شامل چهار سطح هیومیک اسید (شامل صفر، پنج، 10 و 15‌کیلوگرم در هکتار) در کرت‌های اصلی و چهار تراکم مختلف (شامل 35، 55، 75 و 95‌بوته در مترمربع) در کرت‌های فرعی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثرات اصلی هیومیک اسید و تراکم کاشت بر صفات ارتفاع‌بوته، تعداد شاخه فرعی، تعداد برگ در مترمربع، تعداد غلاف و دانه در مترمربع، عملکرد دانه و ماده خشک (عملکرد بیولوژیک) معنی‌دار بود، به‏طوری‏که با افزایش هیومیک اسید، صفات نامبرده افزایش یافتند. همچنین، با افزایش تراکم، اکثر صفات به‌جُز تعداد شاخه های فرعی افزایش یافت. اثر متقابل فاکتورها بر صفات عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، ارتفاع‌ بوته و تعداد غلاف در مترمربع در سطح یک‌درصد معنی دار بود. به‏طور‏کلی، بیشترین عملکرد دانه (4209.7‌کیلوگرم در هکتار) و ماده خشک (17955.6‌کیلوگرم در هکتار) از مصرف 15‌کیلوگرم در هکتار هیومیک اسید و تراکم 95‌بوته در مترمربع و کمترین عملکرد دانه (1433.2‌کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عملکرد بیولوژیک (4812.6‌کیلوگرم در هکتار) از عدم مصرف هیومیک اسید و تراکم 35‌بوته در مترمربع به دست آمد.

The reaction of vegetative and reproductive growth of Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) to humic acid application with irrigation water in different planting densities

Introduction;Guar or cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) is a droughttolerant annual leguminous crop grown mostly in India and Pakistan. Each pod contains 5 to 12 seeds. Seeds vary from dullwhite to pink to light gray or black. Like other legumes guar is an excellent soilbuilding crop with respect to available nitrogen. Guar is one of the unique beans which its large spherical endosperm contains a significant amount of galactomannans that is used in a wide range of food and industrial applications. Organic fertilizers have a positive effect on agricultural sustainability due to the fact that authentic and safe products are important. One of the most important compounds in soil structure is humic acid, which results from organic matter decomposition in the soil. Humic acid is one of the most organic substances that has been used today due to its advantages, such as improving drainage and soil air, causing the development of microorganisms, increasing plant yield and growth, and also reducing the consumption of other fertilizers. In general, humic substances are used as soil modifiers. One of the important factors in plant cultivation is to determine the most suitable planting density. Plant density is an important agronomic factor that manipulates micro environment of the field and affects growth, development and yield formation of crops. The optimum planting density of the plants results in a balance in the competition between the plants and the maximum yield. So, this research focuses on the reaction of vegetative and reproductive growth of guar (cluster bean) to humic acid application with irrigation water in different planting densities in Ahvaz region.; ;Materials Methods;In order to evaluate the response of vegetative and reproductive growth of guar or Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) to the humic acid application with irrigation water in different planting densities, an experiment carried out in summer of 2016. This experiment was performed by split plot design with three replications based on randomized complete block design in research farm of Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources University, Khuzestan Ahwaz. The experimental factors were four levels of humic acid, control (H0), 5 Kg.ha1 (H1), 10 Kg.ha1 (H2) and 15 Kg.ha1 (H3) as the main factor in main plots and plants spacing on the planting row with four densities, 35 plant.m2 (D1), 55 plant.m2 (D2), 75 plant.m2 (D3) and 95 plant.m2 (D4) as sub factor in sub plots. In this experiment, measured traits were plant height, number of branches in the plant, leaf number, grain yield, dry matter, number of pod and number of grain/m2, number of grain in pod and harvest index. Data were analyzed by SAS 9.4 and mean comparison performed by Duncan test in 5% probability level.; ;Results Discussion;Analysis of variance of data results showed that the main effect of humic acid and plant density were significant at p≤0.01, for all the measured traits (except the number of grains in pod and harvest index). So that as humic acid level increased, the traits increased. Also with increasing in plant density; all studied traits increased significantly except the number of branches of the plant. The interaction effect between humic acid and plant density were significant (p≤0.01) on grain yield, dry matter, plant height and the number of plant.m2. The results also showed that the effect of humic acid and plant density on leaf number was significant at 1% level. So that, the highest plant height and leaf number per m2 were obtained from density of 95 plants.m1 and 15 Kg.ha1 humic acid application. So, with increasing plant density, leaf number increased. Generally, the highest grain yield (4209.7 Kg.ha1) and dry matter (17955.6 Kg.ha1) was under 15 Kg.ha1 application of humic acid and the density of 95 plant.m2 and the lowest grain yield (1433.2 Kg.ha1) and dry matter (4812.6 Kg.ha1) was under zero humic acid level and density of 35 plant.m2.; ;Conclusion;Generally, the results showed that humic acid solution has a positive effect on the plant, therefore, using humic acid, produced highest grain yield, dry matter and morphological traits. Also, with increasing plant density, traits such as plant height, leaf number, yield and yield components increased but the number of branches decreased. In general, 15 Kg.ha1 application of humic acid and the density of 95 plants.m2 produced the highest yield.