مبانی تفسیری مفسران مدرسه تفسیری اصفهان

اﺻﻔﻬﺎن از دﯾﺮﺑﺎز ﻣﻬﺪ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﺎن، ﻣﺤﺪﺛﺎن و ﻣﻔﺴﺮان ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺗﻼش و اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪورزی اﯾﻦ اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻤﻨﺪان، اﺻﻔﻬﺎن را دارای ﻣﮑﺘﺐ و ﻣﺪرﺳﻪای ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار در ﻋﻠﻮم اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﺑﺮ دﯾﮕﺮ ﻣﮑﺎﺗﺐ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. از اﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎن ﻣﮑﺘﺐ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮی اﺻﻔﻬﺎن و ﻣﻔﺴﺮان ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎم آن، درﺧﻮر ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻔﺴﺮان ﺷﺎﺧﺺ اﺻﻔﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺳﻪ دوره ﻣﺘﻘﺪم، ﺻﻔﻮﯾﻪ و ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ و ﺑﻪ دو ﻗﺴﻢ ﻋﻘﻞﮔﺮاﻫﺎ و اﺧﺒﺎری ﻫﺎ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ روش ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪای ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻘﯿﺢ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ، ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ آنﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ و ﺷﻔﺎفﺳﺎزی زواﯾﺎی ﭘﻨﻬﺎن آن ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در ﺑﯿﺎن ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺪرﺳﻪ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮی اﺻﻔﻬﺎن؛ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﻗﺮآﻧﯽ، رواﯾﯽ، ادﺑﯽ، اﺻﻮﻟﯽ، ﮐﻼﻣﯽ، ﻓﻠﺴﻔﯽ، ﻋﻘﻠﯽ و اﺧﻼﻗﯽ، ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﯽ، اﻧﻔﺮادی و ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ آﻧﺎن ﺑﯿﺎن ﺷﺪ. ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﻗﺮآﻧﯽ ﻣﻔﺴﺮان اﺻﻔﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺸﺘﺮک ﺑﻮده و در ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ رواﯾﯽ، ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺑﺸﺪت اﺛﺒﺎتﮔﺮا ﺑﻮدهاﻧﺪ و ﺷﺪت و ﺿﻌﻒ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد رواﯾﺎت در ﺗﻔﺎﺳﯿﺮﺷﺎن ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ رواﯾﯽ آﻧﺎن ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

interpretive principles of commentators of isfahan interpretive school

one of the most important verses of the holy qur’an, which brings gender inequality to mind in the modern era, is q 4:3. according to this verse, those men who are capable of observing justice among wives are allowed to marry up to four women. mentioning the legislation of polygamy in islamic ruling, the early and medieval muslim exegetes devoted their efforts to some linguistic literary discussions about the q 4:3. however, a new generation of muslim exegetes, paying attention to the emerging questions and doubts in the contemporary period, have disregarded the traditional interpretations and provided justifiable interpretations which are appropriate to the modern socio cultural conditions. in this research, the authors are going to study the change of attitudes of muslim exegetes towards the interpretation of the holy verse q 4:3 by focusing on al manār, al mīzān and min waḥy al qur’ān. this study shows that while abduh, tabātabāei, and fadlallāh advocated the legislation of polygamy in islam, sheikh muhammad abduh who was influenced by the doctrine of neo mo’tazelah, forbade the practice of polygamy in egypt in order to provide a more appropriate interpretation to the expectation and interest of the audiences in contemporary period.