اثرات مخلوط تفاله‌های انار، انگور، سیب و لیموترش با و بدون آنزیم بر عملکرد، صفات لاشه، پاسخ ایمنی و مورفولوژی روده جوجه‌های گوشتی

تحقیق حاضر به‌منظور ارزیابی اثرات استفاده از سطوح مختلف مخلوط تفاله‌های انار، انگور، سیب و لیموترش با و بدون آنزیم بر عملکرد، صفات لاشه، پاسخ ایمنی و مورفولوژی روده در جوجه‌های گوشتی انجام گرفت. این آزمایش با تعداد 384 قطعه جوجه گوشتی (سویه راس-308)، در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با آرایش فاکتوریل (2×4) با چهار سطح مخلوط تفاله‌ها (صفر، 2، 4 و 6 درصد)، دو سطح مولتی‌‌آنزیم روابیو (صفر و 0.05 درصد) در 8 تیمار، 4 تکرار و 12 قطعه جوجه در هر تکرار، از سن 10 تا 42 روزگی در دو مرحله رشد (11 تا 24 روزگی) و پایانی (25 تا 42 روزگی) انجام گرفت. استفاده از 6 درصد مخلوط تفاله‌ها و 6 درصد تفاله‌ها با مولتی‌‌آنزیم بدون تاثیر بر ضریب تبدیل خوراک، درصد ماندگاری و هزینه تولید، موجب افزایش مقدار خوراک مصرفی، افزایش وزن روزانه، افزایش وزن نهایی جوجه‌‌‌ها و شاخص تولید شد. 6 درصد مخلوط تفاله‌‌ها موجب افزایش معنی‌‌دار درصد سنگدان شد. استفاده از مخلوط تفاله‌‌ها سطح ایمنوگلوبین g را کاهش داد ولی مولتی‌‌آنزیم و مولتی‌‌‌آنزیم با مخلوط تفاله‌‌ها اثرات معنی‌‌داری بر وضعیت ایمنی جوجه‌‌ها نداشت. مخلوط تفاله‌‌ها، مولتی‌‌آنزیم و مخلوط تفاله‌‌ها با مولتی‌‌آنزیم اثرات معنی‌‌داری بر مورفولوژی روده جوجه‌‌ها نداشت. درمجموع استفاده از 6 درصد مخلوط تفاله‌‌های انار، انگور، سیب و لیموترش در جیره جوجه‌‌های گوشتی نه‌تنها اثرات منفی بر عملکرد آن‌ها نداشت، بلکه افزایش وزن روزانه، وزن نهایی جوجه‌‌ها و شاخص تولید را نیز بهبود بخشید. درحالی‌که استفاده از مولتی‌‌‌آنزیم نتوانست کارآیی استفاده از تفاله‌ها را بهبود دهد.

The Effects of Pomegranate, Grape, Apple and Lemon Pulps Mixture with and without MultiEnzyme on Performance, Carcass Traits, Immune Response and Intestinal Morphology of Broilers

Introduction[1]: The agroindustrial processing was resulted some wastes as vegetable and fruit byproducts. The fruit byproducts use as energy sources in animal feed and using of these byproducts are economically and environmentally sound way for food processors to reduce waste discharges and cut waste management cost. Selling byproducts can also produce additional revenue. The poor state of economy in developing countries has made consumption of high protein foods out of reach of more than 6570% of the people. One of the ways of solving this problem is use unconventional sources of feed ingredients to supplement the diets of man and farm animals. Fruit pulps are some of these unconventional feedstuffs. Pulps contain some of essential nutrients and secondary substances those can be use as feed ingredients in poultry diets. As pulps contain highly amount of undesirable compounds such as crude fiber and pectin, that poultry digestive tract cannot tolerate highly amount of them, imagine that adding effective feed enzyme can be solve this problem. In the current study the effects of different levels of pomegranate, grape, apple and lemon pulps mixture with and without multienzyme on performance, carcass traits, immune response and intestinal morphology of broilers was evaluated.;Materials and Methods: This experiment was conducted with 384 Ross 308 broilers in a completely randomized design as factorial arrangement (4*2) with 4 levels of pulps mixture (0, 2, 4, 6%) and 2 levels of Rovabio multienzyme (0, 0.05%) in 8 treatments, 4 replicates and 12 chicken in per replicate from 10 up 42 days in grower (1124 days) and finisher (2542 days).;Results and Discussion: Using 6% of pulps mixture and 6% of pulps mixture with 0.05% of multi enzyme without having any significant effects on feed conversion ratio, livability and feed cost, increased the amounts of feed intake, weight gain, final live weight and production index (P <0.05). Using 6% pulps mixture significantly increased the percentage of gizzard (P <0.05). Multi enzyme and pulps mixtures with multienzyme had not affect the carcass traits of broilers (P >0.05). By using pulps mixture, the level of IgG decreased (P <0.05) but pulps mixture with multienzyme had not significantly affect the immune level of broilers (P >0.05). Pulps mixture and multienzyme had not any significant effects on intestinal morphology of broilers (P >0.05). Increase in the amount of daily feed intake by using 6% of pulps mixture may be related to high amount of diet fiber. Fiber increase the speed of feed passing through digestive tract, by this way the amount of feed intake increased. By increasing the amount of feed intake, the amount of nutrient supplying increased and the amount of daily weight gain improved. As improving of weight gain was obtained by feeding highly amount of feed intake, for this reason feed conversion ratio not significantly improved. Improve of final weight and production index by using 6% of pulps mixture may be related to highly amount of daily weight gain. Increase of gizzard percentage maybe related to the amount of diet fiber. As fiber increased the volume of diet, it can increase the gizzard size. Pulps contain some active antioxidant compounds such as flavonoids, isoflavones, flavones, anthocyanins, coumarins. It thought that these compounds can increase the immune level of chickens, but this condition in the current study not occurred. It can be have some reasons such as kinds and levels of pulps in mixture, the quality and processing of pulps, the health status of broilers and diets ingredients. Pulps contains some actives that these actives can change the intestinal morphology, but this change not occurred in the current study, it may be related to the amount of each pulp in pulps mixture, length of experiment period and experiment starting time. Adding enzyme to the diets did not have any significant effects on performance and other parameters of broilers. It can have some reasons such as the amount and composition of multienzyme, quality of multienzyme, mixing time of diets, diets other ingredients and bird health.;Conclusion: The overall results of the present study showed that in broiler chickens using 6% pomegranate, grape, apple and lemon pulps mixture without having any significant effects on intestinal morphology, can improve their performance, final live weight and production index. Using multienzyme could not improve the efficacy of pulps mixtures in broiler diets.