تقابل صلاحیت تکمیلی و ذاتی دیوان کیفری بین‌المللی (پروندۀ سیف‌الاسلام قذافی)

از مهم ترین موضوعات مورد چالش درتشکیل دیوان کیفری بین المللی موضوع، صلاحیت این دادگاه بود. چرا که ارتباط تنگاتنگی میان حاکمیت ملی و صلاحیت کیفری محاکم، وجود دارد. ﻟﺬا ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﺣﺘﺮام ﺑﻪ ﺣﻖ ﺣﺎﮐﻤﯿﺖ ﻣﻠﯽ و ﺗﺮﻏﯿﺐ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻀﻮﯾﺖ در دﯾﻮان، اﺳﺎﺳﻨﺎﻣﻪ دﯾﻮان ﺻﺮاﺣﺘﺎً ﺻﻼﺣﯿﺖ ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻠﯽ را ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﮐﻢ داﺧﻠﯽ ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد اﯾﻦ، ﺑﺮﺧﯽ دوﻟﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺣﻖ ﺣﺎﮐﻤﯿﺖ ﻣﻠﯽ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﻮدن ﺻﻼﺣﯿﺖ دﯾﻮان، از ﻫﻤﮑﺎری ﺑﺎ دﯾﻮان اﻣﺘﻨﺎع ﻣﯽورزﻧﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺮوز ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺎﺗﯽ در رﺳﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮوﻧﺪه ﻫﺎ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ و ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﯿﺎن ﺻﻼﺣﯿﺖ ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻠﯽ و ذاﺗﯽ دﯾﻮان ﮐﯿﻔﺮی ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ را ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد آورد. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﮥ اﯾﻦ ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ را ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﻣﯿﺎن دوﻟﺖ ﻟﯿﺒﯽ و دﯾﻮان در ﻣﺤﺎﮐﻤﮥ ﺳﯿﻒ اﻻﺳﻼم ﻗﺬاﻓﯽ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﻤﻮد. در ﭘﺮﺗﻮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﭘﺮوﻧﺪه ﻣﺬﮐﻮر، ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﺻﻼﺣﯿﺖ ذاﺗﯽ و ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻠﯽ، ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻫﺎی اﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﯽﭘﺮدازد ﮐﻪ آﯾﺎ ﺻﻼﺣﯿﺖ ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻠﯽ دﯾﻮان در ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ رﺳﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﮐﻤﮥ ﻣﺠﺮﻣﺎن ﺟﻨﺎﯾﺎت ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﻧﺎﮐﺎرآﻣﺪ اﺳﺖ؟ ﻧﺤﻮ ة ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺻﻼﺣﯿﺖ ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻠﯽ و ﻣﻘﺮرات ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﭘﺬﯾﺮش ﭘﺮوﻧﺪه در دﯾﻮان ﺑﻪ ﭼﻪ ﺻﻮرﺗﯽ اﺳﺖ؟ در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ ﻓﺮض ﺑﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖﻫﺎی ﺻﻼﺣﯿﺖ ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻠﯽ ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ اﺗﮑﺎء ﺑﺮ ﺣﺎﮐﻤﯿﺖ دوﻟﺖﻫﺎ، اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع ﺻﻼﺣﯿﺖ ﮐﺎرآﻣﺪی ﻻزم را ﺑﺮای ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻨﺎﯾﺘﮑﺎران ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﻧﺪارد و ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ دﻟﯿﻞ دﯾﻮان ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﺑﻮدن ﻣﻘﺮرات ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺻﻼﺣﯿﺖ ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﺮای ﺧﻮد ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻼﺣﯿﺖ ذاﺗﯽ گردید. اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ در رﺳﯿﺪﮔﯽﻫﺎی داﺧﻠﯽ، ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎی ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ را ﺑﺮ دﯾﻮان ﺗﺤﻤﯿﻞ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ.

The Complementary and Inherent Competence of the International Criminal Court (The Case of Saif al-Islam Qadddafi)

One of the most important issues in the international Criminal Tribunal was the issue of jurisdiction of the court. Because of the close relationship between national sovereignty and the jurisdiction of the courts, this is why to respond to the desire of most countries as well as respect for national sovereignty However, the Statute of the Tribunal explicitly admitted supplementary jurisdiction to domestic courts. Nevertheless, some governments refuse to cooperate with the Supreme Court for the sake of national sovereignty and complementary jurisdiction, and refuse to extradite the offenders to the Court. There were conflicts in the handling of cases and the conflict between completeness Li and the essence of the International Criminal Tribunal. An example of this confrontation can be found between the Libyan government and the International Criminal Court in the trial of Saif al-Islam Gaddafi. In this article, while developing the inherent and complementary competence, such as the ineffectiveness of the jurisdiction of the Tribunal to jurisdiction Inherent and impose political costs on the tribunal. Also, due to conflicts between the International Criminal Court and the Libyan government, the causes of the emergence of complementary and inherent competence in dealing with the case of Saif al-Islam Gaddafi will also be examined.