دیاسپورای خاورمیانه / شمال آفریقا و رویکرد احزاب راست‌گرا دربرابر شکل‌گیری بحران‌های هویتی در کشورهای اروپایی

ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎی ﺧﺎورﻣﯿﺎﻧﻪ و ﺷﻤﺎل آﻓﺮﯾﻘﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎره اروﭘﺎ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺟﻨﮓ و ﻧﺎاﻣﻨﯽ در دو دﻫﻪ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﮔﺮوه ﻫﺎی دﯾﺎﺳﭙﻮرا در ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ اروﭘﺎ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ ﻧﮕﺮاﻧﯽ ﻓﺰاﯾﻨﺪه ای در ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ اروﭘﺎﯾﯽ اﯾﺠﺎد ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. اﺣﺰاب راﺳﺖ اﻓﺮاﻃﯽ و دﯾﮕﺮ اﺣﺰاب ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ اﻋﺘﻘﺎد دارﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ وﺟﻮد دﯾﺎﺳﭙﻮراﻫﺎی ﺧﺎورﻣﯿﺎﻧﻪ و ﺷﻤﺎل آﻓﺮﯾﻘﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺑﺤﺮانﻫﺎی ﻫﻮﯾﺘﯽ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻗﺎره اروﭘﺎ ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪای ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ دﯾﺎﺳﭙﻮراﻫﺎی ﺧﺎورﻣﯿﺎﻧﻪ و ﺷﻤﺎل آﻓﺮﯾﻘﺎ در ﺷﮑﻞﮔﯿﺮی ﺑﺤﺮانﻫﺎی ﻫﻮﯾﺘﯽ در ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎی اروﭘﺎﯾﯽ و روﯾﮑﺮد اﺣﺰاب راﺳﺖﮔﺮا از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه رواﺑﻂ ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻞ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﻘﺎﻻت داﺧﻠﯽ و ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ، ﮐﺘﺐ و ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪﻫﺎی دﮐﺘﺮﯾﻦ رواﺑﻂ ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻞ را ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﭘﺲ از ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ، ﭘﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎی آﻓﺮﯾﻘﺎﯾﯽ و ﺧﺎورﻣﯿﺎﻧﻪای و روﯾﮑﺮد اﺣﺰاب راﺳﺖ اﻓﺮاﻃﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ دﯾﺎﺳﭙﻮراﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻫﻮﯾﺖ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎی آن ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﯾﺠﺎد ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﺤﺮانﺳﺎز ﻫﻮﯾﺘﯽ و اﻧﺤﺮاف از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ زﻣﯿﻨﻪﺳﺎز ﻫﻮﯾﺖ ﺟﻤﻌﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺤﺮان ﻫﻮﯾﺘﯽ را ﭘﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﯽآورد. ﺑﺤﺮان ﻫﻮﯾﺘﯽ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ اروﭘﺎﯾﯽ دارای دو ﺑﻌﺪ ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺤﺮان ﻫﻮﯾﺖ ﻣﻠﯽ- ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و ﺑﺤﺮان ﻫﻮﯾﺖ ﻣﻠﯽ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ و اﻋﺘﻘﺎد ﻧﯿﺰ در ﻫﻮﯾﺖ ﻣﻠﯽ- ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ رواﻧﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ در ﻫﻮﯾﺖ ﻣﻠﯽ-ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ دارد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ روﯾﮑﺮد اﺣﺰاب راﺳﺖ اﻓﺮاﻃﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻨﯿﺎنﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ دﯾﺎﺳﭙﻮراﻫﺎ دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮐﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ و آن را ﺧﻄﺮی ﺟﺪی ﺑﺮای ﻫﻮﯾﺖ ﺧﻮد ﻣﯽداﻧﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﯿﺎز ﻧﯿﺮوی اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﺟﻮان و ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ رو ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﺮی ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ اروﭘﺎﯾﯽ، وﺟﻮد ﺑﺤﺮان ﻫﻮﯾﺘﯽ ﺣﺘﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺖ اﺣﺰاب راﺳﺖ اﻓﺮاﻃﯽ اﻣﺮی اﺟﺘﻨﺎبﻧﺎﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد.

Middle East / North African Diaspora and the Approach of Right-wing Parties Towards the Formation of Identity Crises in European Countries

The migration from the Middle East and North Africa to Europe due to war and insecurity over the past two decades has led to the formation of Diaspora groups in Europe, which has raised growing concerns in the European society. Far-right parties as well as other political parties believe that the existence of Middle East and North African Diaspora will create identity crises across the Europe. The aim of this research paper is to examine the impact of Middle East and North African Diaspora on the formation of identity crises in European countries and the response of right-wing parties from the perspective of international relations, whereas the method of gathering research data and information is carried out through library studies, including but not limited to documents, books, major national and international journals and theories of the doctrine of international relations. After a conceptual study, taking into consideration the migratory background of African and Middle Eastern countries and the reaction of far-right parties to the Diaspora, identity and its contributing parameters have also been evaluated. Findings of the paper show that the creation of contributory factors to identity crisis and deviation from the underlying factors of collective identity also bring about identity crisis. The identity crisis of the European society has two dimensions, namely national-cultural and national-political identity crisis; while the parameters of cognition and belief affect national-cultural identity, the psychological ones have an impact on national-political identity. Furthermore, the response of far-right parties from different political strands shows that they hold a common view of the Diaspora and consider it a serious threat to their identity. Given the need for young labor force and the aging population in Europe, an identity crisis will be inevitable despite the opposition of far-right parties.