فرهنگ استراتژیک و سیاست خارجی پاکستان در قبال افغانستان

اﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎن ﻫﻤﻮاره ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎی ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﺎزی ﺑﺰرگ ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﻣﯿﺎنﻗﺪرتﻫﺎی ﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪای و ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﺑﻮده و ﻃﯽ ﭼﻬﺎر دﻫﻪ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺑﺤﺮانﺧﯿﺰﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎی ﺟﻬﺎن، ﻫﻤﻮاره در ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﺎﻧﻮنﻫﺎی ﻣﻮردﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﻗﺮار داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در ﻣﻮرد ﻋﻠﻞ ﺗﻄﻮﯾﻞ ﺑﺤﺮان در اﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎن، ﺑﺤﺚﻫﺎی زﯾﺎدی ﻣﻄﺮح ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ؛ اﻣﺎ در ﻫﻤﻪ اﯾﻦ دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻫﺎ و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ، ﯾﮏ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ وﺟﻮد دارد و آن ﭘﺎﮐﺴﺘﺎن، ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮐﺸﻮر ﻫﻤﺴﺎﯾﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺷﺘﺮاﮐﺎت ﻣﺘﻌﺪد ﻗﻮﻣﯽ، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و ﻣﺬﻫﺒﯽ، اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ ارﺗﺶ ﺧﻮد، ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻃﯽ ﭼﻬﺎر دﻫﻪ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ و در ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ اﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎن، ﭘﺮرﻧﮓﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﻘﺶ را ﺑﺎزی ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ در ﭘﯽ آن اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻈﺮداﺷﺖ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎی ﺷﮑﻞ دﻫﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﻫﻮﯾﺘﯽ ﭘﺎﮐﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋﯾﮏ (ارﺗﺶ) ﭘﺎﮐﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﺮ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ آن ﮐﺸﻮر در ﻗﺒﺎل اﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎن ﭼﻪ/ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮی داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ؟ ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرت اﺳﺖ از اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ارﺗﺶ ﭘﺎﮐﺴﺘﺎن ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋﯾﮏ ﺧﻮد را در ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ اﯾﻦ ﮐﺸﻮر ﻧﻬﺎدﯾﻨﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ و ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎی اﯾﻦ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ اﯾﺠﺎب ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ اﺳﻼم آﺑﺎد راﻫﺒﺮد اﻋﻤﺎل ﻧﻔﻮذ ﺑﺮ اﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎن را دﻧﺒﺎل ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎی ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﮑﺎﯾﺖ از آن دارد ﮐﻪ اﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎن و ﻫﻨﺪ دو ﻋﻨﺼﺮ اﺳﺎﺳﯽ در ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋﯾﮏ ﭘﺎﮐﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﯽروﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﭘﺎﮐﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎ و ﻧﻘﺎﯾﺺ ﺧﻮد از زﻣﺎن ﺗﺄﺳﯿﺲ، ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ آنﻫﺎ دارد. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ از ﻧﻮع ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻨﯽ ﺑﻮده و داده ﻫﺎی ﻣﻮردﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ روش ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪای ﺟﻤﻊ آوری ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ. ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻧﻈﺮی ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎی ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋﯾﮏ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

Pakistan’s Strategic Culture and Foreign Policy towards Afghanistan

Afghanistan is one of the important cornerstones of the international great game among important regional and international powers. There are tense debates on the causes of instability and crisis in Afghanistan. What is common in all these ideas and factors, is Pakistan’s role as a neighboring country with numerous ethnic, cultural and religious commonalities of which the Army has played a very prominent role in different political and social spheres of Afghanistan during last four decades.  While inspecting differnet elements of Pakistan’s Strategic Culture. This article tries to answer the question of what/ how has Pakistan’s strategic culture been guiding its foreign policy toward Afghanistan? The hypothesis of the article is that the Pakistani military has institutionalized its strategic culture in this country’s foreign policy in such a way that it sees its national security and survival in controlling and influencing Afghanistan. The findings of the paper suggest that Afghanistan and India are two key elements in Pakistan’s strategic culture that Pakistan needs to manage due to its characteristics and shortcomings since its inception. This article is explanatory and the required data is collected by library method. The theoretical framework of the article is based on the concept of strategic culture.