directed motivational currents: the implementation of the dynamic web-based persian scale among iranian efl learners

Directed motivational current (dmc) ̶ as a novel strand in l2 motivational field ̶ is a robust motivational drive fueled by a highly valued goal and capable of stimulating and sustaining longterm behavior. the present study explored english as a foreign language students’ directed motivational currents by validating the dynamic webbased persian version of the scale, finding the most crucial motivational currents, and exploring its association with students’ proficiency and educational levels. this is accomplished by translating the dmc disposition scale (muir, 2016) which measures two facets of easy flow and challenge through twelve items as the first step and utilizing the validated questionnaire to explore the most significant motivational currents of students by analyzing students’ responses on openended items of the questionnaire (qualitative phase) and finding the association between dmc and proficiency level as well as dmc and educational level (the quantitative phase) as the second step. the results of reliability estimates and confirmatory factor analysis (cfa) demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity indices of the persian version of dmc disposition scale. the results also indicated that most of the dmcs experienced by students were competitively selfreferenced experiences rather than competitively otherreferenced objectives. moreover, a significant difference was observed between elementary and upperintermediate proficiency levels of students regarding dmc with upperintermediate learners experiencing more levels of motivational currents than the elementary counterparts. ba and ma students of english were found to experience more levels of dmcs than diploma learners. the most significant cases in the qualitative phase as well as the discussion on both parts are presented.