واکاوی تحلیلی و تطبیقی برنامه‌ های توسعه صنعت مس در ایران

ایران به دلیل داشتن ذخایر مهم معدنی در حوزه معدن و صنایع وابسته به آن، یکی از کشورهای دارای مزیت نسبی در این حوزه محسوب می‌شود. این موضوع بر اهمیت و اولویت برنامه‌های توسعه در بخش معدن و صنایع معدنی می‌افزاید. بهره‌مندی هرچه بیشتر و بهتر از منابع و ذخایر معدنی یکی از راه‌های افزایش ثروت در جامعه است. مس پس از فولاد، رتبه دوم بین فلزهای اصلی از نظر تولید ارزش ‌افزوده در جهان را داراست. ایران با ذخیره حدود 34 میلیون تن مس، صاحب 4 درصد از ذخایر مس جهان است. در این پژوهش به بررسی تحلیلی و تطبیقی برنامه های توسعه صنعت مس در ایران و هند پرداخته‌شده است. با وجود اینکه هر دو کشور تقریباً هم‌زمان برنامه های توسعه ای خود در صنعت مس را شروع کرده اند؛ اما هند در مقایسه با ایران در سال 2018 بین قدرت‌های برتر اقتصادی آسیا قرار گرفت. بر این اساس، برنامه‌های راهبردی هند در زمینه مس می‌تواند به تدوین برنامه‌های راهبردی در صنعت مس ایران کمک بزرگی کند. بر اساس بررسی‌های انجام‌شده در ایران، افزایش میزان حقوق دولتی و عوارض صادراتی، عدم ورود ماشین‌آلات معدنی و صنعتی، قوانین نوپدید و نوسان‌های نرخ ارز و تورم از جمله مهم‌ترین چالش‌های مطرح در صنعت مس به شمار می‌آیند. در این پژوهش به‌منظور آسیب‌شناسی و تحلیل نقاط ضعف و قوت برنامه صنعت مس ایران، به بررسی وضعیت موجود و مرور برنامه‌های توسعه صنعت مس و مقایسه آن با کشور هند و چالش‌های پیش رو پرداخته شده است و در نهایت راه‌کارهایی برای تدوین سند توسعه این صنعت مهم ارائه‌شده است.

analytical and comparative analysis of copper industry development programs in iran

iran is considered one of the countries with a relative advantage in the field of mining and related industries due to its important mineral resources and reserves. this issue increases the importance and priority of development programs in the mining and mineral industries sector. copper, after steel, ranks second among the major metals in terms of value-added production in the world. iran, with a reserve of about 34 million tons of copper, owns 4% of the world’s copper reserves. this article examines the analytical and comparative analysis of copper industry development programs in iran and india. although both countries have started their own development programs in the copper industry almost simultaneously, india was ranked among the top economic powers in asia in 2018 compared to iran. on the other hand, with some economic growth indicators surpassing china, some analysts believe that this trend may continue and india may achieve growth similar to china and even replace it. on this basis, india’s strategic plans in the field of copper can greatly help in formulating strategic plans in iran’s copper industry. according to studies conducted in iran, the most important challenges in the copper industry include increasing the amount of government salaries and export duties, non-entry of mining and industrial machinery, round-the-clock laws, and fluctuations in exchange rates and inflation. this research has examined the damage and analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of iran’s copper industry program, reviewed the current situation and copper industry development programs, compared it with india, and addressed the challenges ahead. finally, solutions have been proposed for the development of this important industry. introductioniran is located on one of the two copper belts in the world and is considered one of the areas with the economic potential of copper. evaluations show that iran’s share of the world’s 20 million tons of copper production is less than 1.5%. the share of the industry in iran’s gross domestic product is 7%, of which copper covers 1% of the 7%. in fact, the share of the copper industry in iran’s gross domestic product is 1%, which is relatively low given the volume of copper mineral reserves. therefore, considering the importance of the copper industry in the country’s economy as a productive sector and the increasing demand for this metal in the world, having an appropriate industrial strategy to maximize the use of copper mines and related industries is important and necessary.one of the ways to develop the country quickly is to focus on the mining industry alongside export development. industrial development is important for national development programs from various aspects. employment, poverty alleviation, proper use of skilled labor, improvement of regional and international status of the country, meeting internal needs, and enhancing national identity are among the aspects of development that have been tied to industrial development. in this regard, according to the emphasis and statements of the upper-level documents, especially the five-year development plans in the last decade, the subject of drafting an industrial development strategy has been one of the important demands of the government and the relevant ministry so that with the determination of industrial policies at horizontal and vertical levels, the necessary institutional infrastructure for better decision-making by private sector activists can be provided in a more reassuring environment by the government. methodsthe most important challenges in the copper industry in iran include problems related to sanctions and the resulting lack of access to modern technologies, lack of support for small and medium-sized businesses, price differences in the commodity exchange and free market and their impact on the trade market and copper products, and the level of access of consumers to the market. the challenges of downstream industries are among the main challenges of this market. sanctions have caused severe fluctuations in exchange rates and have affected the government’s economic and trade policies, ultimately leading to increased production costs, market fluctuations, declining exports, loss of some export markets, rent-seeking, thriving intermediaries, and numerous problems in the field of financing and capital circulation of mining units and mining industries in the country.in addition to sanctions, restrictions and obstacles resulting from the government’s economic and trade policies such as exchange policies, market intervention, and mandatory pricing of mineral and metal products by the market regulation headquarters, prevention of exports and providing the grounds for rent and intermediation have become a major internal obstacle to production in the country. in the conditions of the domestic market recession, most mineral and mining products have experienced a decline in exports, and among the country’s economic activists, it is known as self-sanctioning. one of the most important internal obstacles in the mining and mining industries sector is ambiguity in calculating the amount of government salaries for mines, non-return of government salary revenues for expenses in the mining sector, serious conflicts between mining activities, the environment and natural resources, the intervention of the market regulation headquarters in pricing mineral and metal products, and creating export barriers, inaction in policymaking for mines and mining industries on the verge of bankruptcy such as the cement industry and lack of necessary credits for capital facilities in the circulation of mining units and mining industries.another important issue that can be investigated in this area is the creation of mining clusters. there are many small copper mines scattered throughout the country with small reserves that can have a significant impact on the country’s production with proper measures. in fact, the role of small mines in domestic production and employment is not prominent and they are not valued. as a support, small mines that are reasonably transportable and have a justifiable relationship between them can be consolidated into a consortium, and each of these dependent mines can be involved in the reserves and grade of this consortium, and then the government can also support them by providing facilities. another effect of sanctions is the update of equipment, which has also affected the copper sector. in iran, since most mining and industrial machinery is imported, production costs are even higher than countries that own these technologies, even under normal conditions. now, despite the existing erosion sanctions, the entry of non-standard and inappropriate goods through the black market with a delay and at a price several times higher than the real price, plus the inability to export quality products made