زمین شناسی، کانی زائی و ژئو شیمی طلا در ناحیه گدار سرخ، منطقه معدنی موته، پهنه سنندج- سیرجان

محدوده گدارسرخ، در پهنه سنندجسیرجان، 20 کیلومتری جنوب‌غربی منطقه معدنی موته واقع‌شده است. قدیمی ترین رخنمون واحدهای سنگی، کمپلکس شیست سبز با درجه دگرگونی متوسط تا پایین است که سن آن به پالئوزوئیک نسبت‌داده شده است و شامل مجموعه ای از سنگ‌های آتشفشانیرسوبی دگرگون‌شده‌، واحدکربناته پرمین که به ‌صورت تدریجی یا ناپیوستگی هم‌شیب و گاه گسله بر روی واحدهای قدیمی‌تر قرار‌گرفته است و در نهایت رخنمون واحد های شیل و ماسه ژوراسیک است. دایک های بازیک و فلسیک درون واحدهای سنگی نفودکرده اند. توالی‌های سنگی در مراحل مختلف دگرشکلی، نظم اولیه خود را از دست‌داده است و ساختار‌های جدیدی را نشان می‌دهند. دگرشکلی به ‌صورت پهنه‌های برشی شکل‌پذیر شکنا تا شکنا در محدوده مشاهده می‌شود. کانی سازی در شکستگی ها و گسل ها رخ‌داده و به ‌صورت ساختاری کنترل‌شده است. بیشترین تمرکز طلا همراه با کانی‌های اکسیدهیدرواکسید آهن در امتداد گسل‌هایی با روند w45n رخ‌داده است. کانی شناسی ساده و به‌طور عمده شامل پیریت و به ‌صورت محلی کالکوپیریت، کالکوسیت، کوولیت، گالن، اسفالریت و کانی‌های ثانویه آهن است. دگرسانی‌های موجود سریسیتی، کربناتی، کلریتی، سولفیدی، سیلیسی و آرژیلیکی است. بالاترین مقدار طلا در نمونه‌های برداشت‌شده، به روش لیتوژئوشیمیایی9/9  ppm و میانگین طلا 3/0 ppm است. بر اساس بررسی‌های میکروسکوپی، طلا  به ‌صورت آزاد همراه کانی های ثانویه آهن مشاهده می‌شود و همچنین نتایج تجزیه مایکروپروپ الکترونی نشان‌دهنده حضور طلا در شبکه کانی‌های سولفیدی است. بر اساس بررسی‌های انجام‌شده، عوامل کنترل کننده کانی‌زایی در پهنه‌های شکل‌پذیرشکنا، ویژگی‌های زمین شناسی و کانی زایی محدوده گدار سرخ، بیشترین شباهت را با کانسار های نوع کوه‌زایی دارد.

Geology, Mineralization and Geochemistry of Au in the Godar Sorkh area, Muteh region, Sanandaj-Sirjan zone

IntroductionGold deposits formed during mountainbuilding processes in Phanerozoic terranes that formed in metamorphic environment have a great dispensation in the world (Goldfarb et al., 2001). They constitute an economically important type of gold mineralization called orogenic gold deposits (Groves et al., 2003). The SanandajSirjan zone is one of the most important areas for orogenic gold exploration and it hosts several orogenic gold deposits (Aliyari et al., 2012).  This zone is characterized by regionally metamorphosed and deformed Paleozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary, volcanic and volcanoclastic rocks under green schist and amphibolite facies conditions. (RashidnejadOmran, 2001; Abdollahi et al., 2009; Kouhestani et al., 2014(. The Godar Sorkh area is locatedin the central part of the SanandajSirjan zone, 20km southwest of the Muteh region. The rocks sequence of the Godar Sorkh area comprise of the volcanosedimentary rocks of the greenschist complex with Paleozoic age rock units intruded by basic and felsic dikes. These country rocks are affected by a NWSEtrending shear zone and are highly deformed. Rock units illustrate ductilebrittle to brittle shear zones and had been under polyphase metamorphism. In other words, Godar Sorkh has the most similarity with orogenic gold. MethodsIn this study after field observations, rock samples were collected from mineralized and altered zones that included 26 thin sections, 47 polished sections and 10 polished thin sections which were prepared for petrography, mineralization and alteration studies, 10 samples were prepared for XRD analyses, 21 samples were analyzed for Au  content by the Fire Assay method and 21 samples were analyzed by the ICPMS method for REE and trace element amounts in the Iran Minerals Research and Processing Center, and 9 samples  were selected  for XRF analyses  in the Kansaran Binaloud laboratory.  According to the petrographic studies and the results of chemical analysis 7 polished double sections were selected to determine the amount of gold and other elements by electronmicroprobe analysis.  Discussion and Results The rocks sequence of the Godar Sorkh area comprise of greenschists complexes including limestone, dolomitic, marbles, micaschists, black schist, greenschist, intercalations of quartzite, calc schist, phyllites and slate, metamorphosed under greenschist facies grade. These units are considered to belong to the Paleozoic age. Rock unites have been intruded by basic and felsic dikes. Rock assemblages are characterized by several phases of deformation and generation of various fabrics and structures. Gold mineralization occurs in ductile and brittle shear zones, along N45W trending and controlled by structures. The main alterations are sericitization, carbonization, chloritization, silicification and sulphidization. Oremineralogical paragenesis mainly includes pyrite and locally chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, covellite, sphalerite, galena and Fe OxideHydroxide secondary minerals such as goethite, hematite and limonite. The results show that the maximum grade of gold in the mineralization zone has been reported to be 9.9 ppm and the average value of gold in the area is about 0.3 ppm. The microscopic studies show native gold minerals in the range of 15 to 30 micrometers.  Also, electronmicroprobe analysis indicates Au in the lattice of sulfide minerals. Based on geochemical studies, rocks have characteristics peraluminous range and the granodiorite intrusion belongs to S type granitoids. LREE are enriched. Controlling parameters for mineral concentration in Godar Sorkh area are shear zone. Therefore, regarding the development of Paleozoic metavolcanicsedimentary sequences and the formation of multistage extensional structures including the normal faults, and fractures, texture and structure investigation, mineral paragenesis, alteration and geochemistry, gold mineralization in the Godar Sorkh area can be classified as orogenic gold mineralization.  AcknowledgementThis study has been supported by the Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran, Iran. The authors would like to thank IMPASCO Company for help and cooperation in the completion of this research study. We also thank the support of the Iran National Science Foundation (INSF).  ReferencesAbdollahi, M.J., Karimpour, M.H., Kheradmand, A. and Zarasvandi, A.R., 2009. Stable isotopes (O, H, and S) in the Muteh gold deposit, Golpaygan area, Iran. Natural Resources Research, 18(2): 137–151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s1105300991033Aliyari, F., Rastad, E. and Mohajjel, M., 2012. Gold Deposits in the Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone: Orogenic Gold Deposits or Intrusion‐Related Gold Systems. Resource Geology, 62(3): 296–315. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.17513928.2012.00196.xGoldfarb, R.J., Groves, D.I. and Gardoll, S., 2001. Orogenic gold and geologic time: a global synthesis. Ore Geology Reviews, 18(1–2): 1–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/S01691368(01)000166Groves, D.I., Goldfarb, R.J., Robert, F. and Hart, C.J.R., 2003. Gold deposits in metamorphic belts: overview of current understanding, outstanding problems, future research and exploration significance. Economic Geology, 98(1): 1–29. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.98.1.1Kouhestani, H., RashidnejadOmran, N., Rastad, E., Mohajjel, M., Goldfarb, R.J. and Ghaderi, M., 2014. Orogenic gold mineralization at the Chah Bagh deposit, Muteh gold district, Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 91: 89–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.04.027RashidnejadOmran N., 2001. Petrology and geochemistry of metavolcanosedimentary and plutonic rocks of Muteh region (South Delidjan) with special view to genesis of gold mineralization, Ph.D. Thesis. Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran, 436 pp. (in Persian)