شناسایی مناطق امید‌بخش کانه‌ زایی اورانیوم نوع ماسه‌ سنگی در حوضه ارومیه نقده مهاباد، شمال باختری ایران

حوضه ارومیه‌ نقده‌ مهاباد، گستره‌ای از حوضه ‌آبریز جنوب و باختر دریاچه‌ ارومیه است که بخش‌هایی از استان‌های آذربایجان شرقی، ‌آذربایجان غربی و حاشیه شمالی استان کردستان را پوشش داده است. پژوهش حاضر، تلفیقی از داده‌‌های زمین‌شناسی، هیدرولوژی، دورسنجی، ژئوشیمی و ژئوفیزیک هوایی برای دسته‌بندی حوضه‌های مستعد مرتبط با کانی‌زایی اورانیوم نوع ماسه‌سنگی در ایران است. با توجه به وجود عوامل مثبت از قبیل سنگ منشا، سنگ میزبان و الگوی هیدروژئولوژیکی این حوضه می‌تواند یکی از حوضه‌های مناسب برای تشکیل کانه‌زایی اورانیوم نوع ماسه‌سنگی باشد. با توجه به ویژگی‌های سنگ شناسی از نظر وجود سنگ منشا، سنگ میزبان، محیط زمین‌ساختی، محیط رسوب‌گذاری، ویژگی‌های ژئوتکتونیکی و غیره، منطقه مورد بررسی به سه زیر حوضه تحت عنوان حوضه‌های مستعد1، امید‌بخش 2 و احتمالی 3 برای کانه‌زایی اورانیوم نوع ماسه‌سنگی شناسایی و برای پژوهش‌های میدانی و در فازی پیشرفته‌تر برای بررسی‌های زیرزمینی، انتخاب و معرفی شده است.

Reconnaissance of promising areas for sandstone type uranium deposits in the UrmiaNaqadehMahabad basin, NW Iran

IntroductionThe UrmiaNaqadehMahabad basin is a part of the south and west Urmia Lake drainage basin that covers some parts of EastandWest Azerbaijan and northern Kurdistan. This study is the integration of geological, hydrological, remote sensing, geochemical and airborne geophysical data classifying promising areas that are related to sandstone type uranium (U) mineralization in Iran. Based on positive factors such as favorable source, host rocks and suitable hydrological pattern, this basin is a favorable basin in Iran. According to the characteristics of lithology, tectonic, sedimentary environment, geotectonics and etc. the basin could be classified into favorable, promising and possible subbasins for mineralization of U sandstone type. Material and methodsGeological data show that this region is a part of the SanandajSirjan zone and consists of Precambrian metamorphic rocks which are covered by younger sedimentary and volcanosedimentary rocks that are influenced by different metamorphic phases. More than 7597 stream sediment samples from the area have been analyzed for Se،V، Mo، As،Cu، Ag، Zn، Co، Ni، Pb، Ti، Th، Zr، P and Sn. The basin is divided into 11 individual subbasins. Radiometric data of the basin have been acquisitioned during 19761978 by an AustralianGerman French Company with line separation of 500 meters and 120 meters of nominal terrain clearance.Remote sensing data reveals that the western subbasin is suitable for sandstone type uranium mineralization. Based on geochemical evidences, the Au, Zn, Sn, As and Pb elements were enriched. Geophysical investigation reveals that the Eastern basin includes high amounts of U and low amounts of Th. Hydrogeological study demonstrates that the trend of groundwater is from the west to the east.Geochemical data revealed that we can divide the basin into 11 subbasins which are characterized as follows:1. Ghara Aghaj (126 Km2), North to south trend is situated at the northern part of the basin. At this basin Ni, Co, Cu and V are reported but it is not related to mineralization.2. Ghoma – Bezrgah (36 Km2). The East to the West trend is situated at the western part of the basin. At this basin Pb, As, Sn, Zn and Au are reported which can be related to skarn mineralization.3. Piram – Shilan (342 Km2). At this basin Pb, Zn, As and Mo are reported which contain source rocks of uranium mineralization but there is no evidence of host rock and mineralization.4. Pirestan1 (28 Km2). According to geological data a granitic body which can be the source of uranium mineralization and cretaceous volcanic rock outcropped. The fault system is weak by the north to the south trend. The anomalies of Pb, Mo, As and Sn are reported but there is no evidence of mineralization.5. Koohe sabz poosh (34 Km2). Based on geological data half of the area is covered by granodioritic body which can be the source of uranium mineralization. The fault system has two trends (NESW and NS). The anomalies of V, As, Mo and Co are reported but there is no evidence of mineralization.6. Pirestan2 ((83 Km2). According to geological data a granitic and granodioritic body can be the source of uranium mineralization. The anomalies of Mo, Sn, Co, As and Zn are reported but there is no evidence of mineralization.7. Chahar Taq (36 Km2). The fault system has the NE to SW trend and trusted mechanism. The anomalies of Zn, Ni and Au are reported but there is no evidence of mineralization.8. Zaveh Kooh (111 Km2). The rock units have the NW to SE trend according to the SanadajSirjan trend. The anomalies of Pb, As, Sn, Mo, Ti, Cu, Ni and Au are reported but there is no evidence of uranium mineralization but there is some evidence of orogenic gold mineralization.9. SaqqezBaneh (465 Km2). The rock units have the NW to SE trend according to the SanadajSirjan trend. The anomalies of Co, Ti, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Mo, Sn, Ag, Au and As are reported but there is no evidence of uranium mineralization and the same as the 8th subbasin there are known deposits of orogenic gold mineralization.10. Charkeh (104 Km2). The rock units have the NW to SE trend. The anomalies of Zn, Mo, Sn, V, Ni, Au, As and Pb are reported but there is no evidence of mineralization.11. Sheikh Ebrahim (38 Km2). The anomalies of Mo, Au, As and Pb are reported.The integration of the different layers shows that the prospecting area is suitable for future exploration of blind deposits.Geophysical data was processed and revealed those areas which have data. They can be classified into 5 different classes based on U and Th concentrations. The Hydrogeological data consist of EC, pH, Eh, DO and salinity. And the temperature was measured at the field by Sension 156 multimeter and was sent for ICPMS analysis to the AMDEL and Applied Geological Research Center (Karaj) laboratories. Two samples were obtained from each well by Widel et al.’s (1998) method. One sample was analyzed for Ca2+، Mg2+، Na+، K+، CO32، HCO3، SO42and Cl and the other samples were analyzed for major and trace elements. At each basin charge, the discharge and the trend of underground water were defined. ResultsThe results revealed that this basin contains alkaline magmatic rocks such as alkaline rhyolite and tuff which are situated in reduced shale and continental volcanic clastic rocks and can be the source of uranium at the study area. Besides these rocks, tuffaceous sandstone, metamorphose sandstone and young alluvial by the reduction condition can be the suitable hosts for mineralization.Based on geological, geochemical, hydrogeological and geophysical data, the western basin is suitable for sandstone type uranium deposit and also there is some evidence of mineralization.