بررسی آثار قابلیت مقایسه حسابداری بر کارایی سرمایه‌گذاری در نیروی کار: نقش تعدیل‌گر محدودیت در تامین مالی، نظارت درون‌سازمانی و برون‌سازمانی

هدف: یکی از مهم‌ترین تصمیمات شرکت‌ها که دارای پیامدهای مهم اقتصادی در بلندمدت است، تصمیم‌های مرتبط با نیروی کار است. بر همین اساس در این پژوهش به بررسی نقش یکی از کلیدی‌ترین ویژگی‌های کیفی اطلاعات حسابداری (قابلیت مقایسه حسابداری) بر کارایی سرمایه‌گذاری در نیروی کار پرداخته شده است؛ در این بین نقش تعدیلی ویژگی‌های محدودیت در تامین مالی، نظارت درون‌سازمانی و برون‌سازمانی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است.روش: برای انجام تحلیل‌های آماری از داده‌های مربوط به 91 شرکت پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران در بازه زمانی 1388 تا 1398 استفاده شد.یافته‌ها: نتایج تحلیل‌های رگرسیونی پژوهش نشان داد که قابلیت مقایسه حسابداری دارای آثار مثبت بر کارایی سرمایه‌گذاری نیروی کار است. هم‌چنین، شواهد نشان داد زمانی که شرکت‌ها دارای محدودیت در تامین مالی، محیط حاکمیت داخلی و نظارت بیرونی ضعیف هستند، رابطه مثبت قوی‌تری بین قابلیت مقایسه حسابداری و کارایی سرمایه‌گذاری نیروی کار وجود دارد.نتیجه‌گیری: تدوین‌کنندگان استانداردها می‌توانند با در پیش گرفتن شیوه‌هایی جهت بهبود قابلیت مقایسه اطلاعات شرکت‌ها، کارایی سرمایه‌گذاری در نیروی کار را بهبود بخشند. هم‌چنین، در شرایطی که نظارت درون‌سازمانی و برون‌سازمانی از وضعیت مطلوبی برخوردار نیست، می‌توان از طریق ارائه اطلاعات حسابداری قابل‌مقایسه، کارایی سرمایه‌گذاری نیروی کار را بهبود بخشید.

investigating the effect of accounting comparability on labor investment efficiency: moderating role of financing constraint, internal and external monitoring

objective: from the economic point of view, investment in employment for advanced companies which possess a high level of human capital is significant. to be specific, deviation from the optimal level of investment in employment can deteriorate competitional advantage, efficiency, and future performance of companies. in other words, one of the most important decisions of companies that have important economic consequences in the long run, both for the country and company, is decisions related to the efficiency of investment in labor employment. these decisions primarily rely on the confidential information of management about the skills and efficiency of the employee. accounting information with high quality can increase the ability of oversight for investors and shareholders. in general, comparability can reduce the expense of paraphrasing accounting information. accordingly, in this study, the role of one of the key features of accounting information quality (accounting comparability) on the labor investment efficiency in companies was investigated. in the meantime, the moderating role of features including financing constraint, internal and external monitoring is studied.method: the research methodology is quantitative research that adopts the scientific method and empirical evidence, based on hypotheses and expost research design. this type of research is utilized when criteria data quantitative are used. in this research, data from 91 firms listed on tehran stock exchange from 2010 to 2020 was gathered through the financial statements and rahavard novin software. also, according to the research purpose, financial constraints, external and internal oversight are regarded as moderating variables. statistical analysis was carry out by multivariable regression in panel data structure with eviwes software.based on the theoretical literature and the conducted studies, research hypotheses were developed as follows:first hypothesis: accounting comparability has positive and significant effects on the labor investment efficiency.second hypothesis: financing constraint reinforce the intensity of the positive effect of accounting comparability on labor investment efficiency.third hypothesis: in weaker external monitoring, the effect of accounting comparability on the labor investment efficiency is stronger.fourth hypothesis: in weaker internal monitoring, the effect of accounting comparability on the labor investment efficiency is stronger.our proxies for labor investment efficiency are constructed based on the method of pinnuck and lillis (2007) model. the model takes the following form:nethiringi,t = α + β1sales_growthi,t + β2sales_growthi,t1 + β3roai,t + β4∆roai,t + β5∆roai,t1 + β6returni,t + β7sizei,t1 + β8quicki,t1 + β9∆quicki,t + β10∆quicki,t1 + β11levi,t1 + i,t1k + industry dummies + εi,t (1)where net_hiring denoting a firm’s net hiring measures labor investments and is calculated as the percentage change in the number of employees. to estimate expected labor investment, the model includes a series of firmspecific characteristics, including sales growth (sales_growth); return on assets (roa); annual stock return (return); firm size (size); quick ratio (quick); leverage ratio (lev); loss interval indicators (loss_bin); and industry dummies.results: the results of the regression analysis of the study showed that accounting comparability has positive effects on the labor investment efficiency. also, companies with more tangible assets, dividends, institutional investors, and labor intensity tend to have a higher level of efficiency of labor investments. on the contrary, companies with higher quick ratios, cash flow volatility, net hiring volatility, and loss invest in labor employment with lower efficiency. furthermore, accounting quality shows that companies that have a higher quality of income can reduce inefficiency in labor employment investment.